Why Animal Testing Can Save Our Lives

Many years ago, people follow particular traditions that involves animal sacrifice. According to biblical history, animals were often killed to use as sacrifices to God. In Genesis, Abraham sacrificed a ram after he was stopped by an angel to kill his son as a sign of full obedience to God. Clearly, animal sacrifices has been accepted ever since our ancestors had developed various religions where they believed meat offerings were pleasant to the eyes of their God. As one of the most complicated ethical issues of today, animal testing can be viewed in the same way with the historical animal sacrifices. As humans in past were saved spiritually by offering animals, it is reasonable to conclude that animal testing is a kind of sacrifice that humans must do to save lives physically and emotionally. Why Animal Testing Can Save Our Lives One of the primary reasons why animal testing is considered helpful for the advance of man is the fact that it plays a significant role in the progress of medicine. Newly created drugs are safer to use by humans if they are tested on animals first. Some people believes that it is unethical and improper to use a drug if it has not been tested on animals before (Hayhurst, 20). They argue that it is the best possible way to determine if a drug is safe or not. They clearly have a point in this argument. Apparently, they believe that human lives are much important than animal lives. â€Å"Many people who argue for animal testing agree that it's unfortunate that animals must sometimes suffer, but they feel that the pain is a small price to pay if it advances science and produces new cures for deadly diseases such as cancer and AIDS† (Hayhurst, 21). On the other hand, people who are against animal testing argue that animal lives should also be treated with utmost importance and should not be used as sacrifices to attain something. One of the points of these people are the fact that some cosmetic manufacturers also engage in animal testing to try their products. They believe that such products are â€Å"unnecessary† for animals' health to be sacrificed (Hayhurst, 21). There is the blinding of mice to enable cosmetic manufacturers to produce a new kind of mascara and other. They also argue that animal reactions to drugs can be quite different from that of humans. â€Å"Because of the irreconcilable biological differences between animals and human beings, the results of animal tests cannot be applied to human beings with any degree of confidence† (qtd. in Lovegrove, 14). However, it is the issue of morality and ethics that is enveloping the entire argument against animal testing. Many people on this side believes that animals have the right to live and that humans cannot just treat them in any way just because they can. Apparently, both sides of the issue raises important points that should be considered to achieve a fair and justified treatment of the issue. Clearly, there is a lot at stake here whether in the morality or the medical advancement of human beings but both ways still considers what is good for man. Nevertheless, the problem with some animal rights activists is that, â€Å"there is too much emphasis on ethics and too little emphasis on what they perceive as scientific benefits† (qtd. in Connor). In our present situation where diseases are rampant, it is important that people must be receptive and open-minded enough to consider tough decisions such as supporting animal testing. It is also important that people weigh the circumstances of what animal research could do in the existence and survival of mankind in the future. The problem with some activists is that they focus so much on what is happening today that they tend to forget what could happen in the future. Conclusion Our world today is experiencing so many medical challenges such as the spread of A(H1N1) virus, cancer, AIDS and other diseases; therefore, it is important that we consider sacrificing something today to enable us to prepare for the future. In addition, these animals also benefit from the testing as their future generations also benefits from the medical progress to which they contribute. Hence, it is quite reasonable to conclude that some tough decisions and actions should be made to make this place better and safer for all of us. It is for the greater good that a few must suffer to attain something better in the future.

Student Cramming Essay

Abstraction This survey aims to find whether jaming behaviour had a important consequence on the memory keeping pupils who took Physics 82 ( Fundamental Physics II ) during the 2nd semester of school twelvemonth 2006-2007. A trial was given to these pupils after one semester ( first semester. 2007-2008 ) . A comparing was made between the tonss of pupils who acknowledged frequent usage of jaming methods and those that did non. Datas shows that keeping decreases with clip whether the pupil crammed or non. However. pupils that crammed have faster rate of lessening in memory keeping. 1. Introduction Cramming is defined as analyzing a comparatively big sum of capable affair in a short period of clip. It can be regarded as a despairing step of pupils to go through tests. complete undertakings. The effect of such mode of survey is low memory keeping [ 1 ] . This survey aims to corroborate or confute this stereotype. It is possible that classs reflect merely short term larning since they are given at the terminal of the semester and there is no confidence for long term keeping. Harmonizing to Duda. memory keeping is enhanced if. for illustration. a five hr survey session is broken down into five separate one hr Sessionss [ 1 ] . This applies to jaming where a individual survey session merely before an scrutiny is less effectual than several short survey Sessionss. A study was conducted to verify these premises utilizing UP Los Banos pupils who took Physics 82 during the 2nd semester of school twelvemonth 2006-2007. The study was limited to these pupils who are presently enrolled in Physics 83 during the first semester of school twelvemonth 2007-2008. Physicss 82 screens cardinal constructs in electricity and magnetic attraction. This survey aims to: 1. Determine whether there exists a correlativity between the chronological order in which Physics 82 constructs were taught and the students’ memory keeping of these constructs. 2. Determine the per centum of pupils who acknowledged to hold employed jaming methods for their Physicss 82 semester. 3. Determine whether there is a appreciable difference between students’ concluding class ( 1-5 graduated table ) in Physics 82 and their study class for both for the crammers and the non-crammers. 1. 1 Hypothesiss 1. There no strong positive additive correlativity between the chronological order in which PHYS 82 constructs were taught the old semester. and their memory keeping of these constructs. Earlier subjects taught are more maintained than earlier subjects. 2. There is no important difference between crammers and non-crammers concluding class ( 1-5 graduated table ) in Physics 82. and between crammers and non-crammers study mark. Grade is non a good index of jaming behaviour. 3. There is no strong additive correlativity study mark and Physics 82 concluding class for both crammers and non-crammers. Grade is non a good index of memory keeping. 4. There is no important difference between the between the students’ concluding class ( 1-5 graduated table ) in Physics 82 and their study grade both for the crammers and the non-crammers. Cramming has no important consequence on the student’s memory keeping of Physicss 82 constructs. 2. Methodology The study population consisted of all Physicss 83 pupils that took Physics 82 the old Semester. The Survey was done in category hours of Phys83 to all pupils. The population needed was filtered out afterwards. The study inquiries included 16 subjects in Physics 82 which were divided into 4 sets reflecting the first to the last one-fourth of the semester. Questions were generated for each subject. Five basic equations and two to four conceptual jobs were taken from the subjects. This was to guarantee that the study was representative of the whole Physicss 82 semester. The questionnaire study was divided into three parts. personal information. fiting type and multiple pick. The first portion consisted of personal information and besides asked the pupils to rate themselves in a graduated table of 1 to 5 where 5 was the highest. The information taken were the undermentioned: ofrequency of jaming in exams and/or undertakings: â€Å"I cram my survey for the dark before exams† ostudy modus operandi: ( 1-2hrs ) . ( monthly ( 1 ) †¦ . hebdomadal ( 5 ) ) I do non analyze for quizzes/do assign in front oPreparation clip for test ( a dark before ( 1 ) †¦ . three hebdomads before ( 5 ) ) I review merely near exam day of the months oStudents claim on good keeping: â€Å"I forgot my Physicss 82† oLikelihood of jaming in the hereafter: â€Å"I expect myself to jam for the coming tests due to ineluctable fortunes. † From these the pupils were so categorized to two sets as non-crammers ( labeled as R ) . holding less than 65 % of entire points in portion I. and crammers ( C ) whose high mark in portion I acknowledge their usage and likely hereafter usage of jaming methods. The per centum of pupils C and R in the population were so taken. The undermentioned comparings were made: ( 1 ) between C and R Physics 82 concluding class. ( 2 ) between C and R study tonss. and ( 3 ) between Physics 82 concluding class and study tonss of all respondents. In the 2nd portion. pupils were asked to fit an equation with a construct. There were 20 equations and matching constructs. Each lucifer was given 1 point. Examples of the inquiries were [ 2 ] : Column AColumn B 1. Coulomb’s Law2. 1 Volt K. 1AmpCoul=1Joule/Coulomb Part 3 ( multiple pick ) consisted of 8 conceptual and 8 computational inquiries. The followers are some illustrations: 1. Which of the followers is false about electric potency? A. is the energy per unit charge B. is dependent of charge go throughing per unit clip in a music director. C. it is a scalar measureD. electric potency surfaces lines cross each other2. Which of the undermentioned is true?I. An Ohmic Conductor has a additive Voltage and Current relationship. II. When Ohm’s Law is non obeyed the electric resistance ( ? ) of a substance is changeless in the equation E=?J ( J is current denseness ) .A. I merelyB. II merelyC. Both I and IID Neither I and I 1. The strength of visible radiation is Io=100 Watts 1 metre off from its beginning. What is its strength if the distance is doubled? A ) I=Io/4B ) I=Io/2C ) I=0D ) I=Io/8Tocopherol ) none of the above 2. In a DC R-L circuit. the current rises bit by bit to 5 ?A in 8?sec. What is the induced EMF of the 10H inductance? A ) 6. 25VB ) 0. 625VC ) 6VD ) 12. 5VTocopherol ) none of the above Problem work outing accomplishments were besides tested to derive penetration on the student’s accomplishments in runing some equations in portion 2. Separate 3 consisted of 16 points of 2 points each. The inquiries were structured so that 5 fiting type points ( Part 2 ) . 2 conceptual and 2 computational multiple pick points ( part3 ) represented each one-fourth of the Physics 82 semester. It was ensured that all points in the four quarters are of comparable degree of trouble. In order to prove the dependability of the study. we repeated some jobs in the questionnaire so as to deduce whether the pupils focused on replying the study or simply guessed the replies. The questionnaire had a sum of 52 points. 20 points for portion two and 32 points for portion three. Each one-fourth has perfect mark of 13 points. A correlativity between the sequence of these quarters and mean points per one-fourth was taken. 3. Consequences and Discussion All of the 48 Physicss 82 pupils who are enrolled in Physics 83 took portion in the study. Simple statistical methods were employed since the study involved the whole population. In portion I. it was assessed that there were about 32. 56 % crammers and 67. 44 % non-crammers in the population. The mean of the concluding classs of non-crammers was 2. 36 while that of those who cram was 2. 42. Since the scaling system is in a graduated table of 1-5 with 1 being the highest. the 1 with lower mean implies a higher class. Those who cram tends to hold a lower class than those who do non jam. This tendency was besides observed in the difference in the norm of study tonss between the two classs where non-crammers had a 59. 41 % norm and crammers had a 55. 47 % . The difference between the two norms was 3. 94 % . These difference is non significantly discernible in the 1-5 scaling system ; therefore. illation in jaming behaviour based on classs is non dependable. Figure 3. 1 Linear Regression of matching mean study mark of pupils per one-fourth in the fake test to prove natural debasement of keeping through clip. In figure 3. 1 the tendency of mark addition is shown with a correlativity of 0. 566. This shows a natural debasement of memory keeping through clip since in the most recent one-fourth. 4th one-fourth. the mean class of the pupil in the fake test were higher than their mean class in the old one-fourth. The mean points of 1st & A ; 2nd. and 3rd & A ; 4th are so averaged in braces that reflected foremost and 2nd half the of the Physics 82 semester. Figure 3. 2 Average tonss of pupils per one-fourth in the fake test. The norm of the 2nd half is 7. 802326 which is higher than that of the first half which is equal to 7. 476744. This farther justifies the debasement of memory of keeping with clip. Figure 3. 3 Linear correlativity of Physicss 82 concluding class and study mark Figure 3. 3 shows the correlativity between the study mark and the concluding class of the pupils in natural philosophies 82 last semester. The negative correlativity is due to the fact that 1 is the highest in the 1-5 graduated table Rating System. Students who got high classs in Physics 82 besides got high tonss in the study. The correlativity of -0. 62263 implies that the concluding class of the pupils is a strong index of memory keeping where a high class likely implies high keeping. Table 3. 1 Average difference and average difference between natural philosophies 82 concluding class and study grade CategoryMean DifferenceMedian DifferenceCrammer-0. 839-0. 5Non-Crammer-0. 664-0. 25 Table 3. 1 shows the difference between natural philosophies 82 concluding class and study class ( 1-5 class system ) . The negative mark indicates that all the pupils have lesser study classs compared to their concluding class. There is a important difference between the debasement of class between crammers and non-crammers. The crammers’ class decreased by 0. 839 while that of non-crammers’ decreased by 0. 664. The crammers significantly had less memory keeping than those of the non-crammers. 4. Decision Memory keeping undergoes debasement procedure through clip. This debasement is further increased by jaming behaviour. Memory keeping has a natural debasement through clip both for crammers and non-crammers. The earlier subjects were less retained than the most recent subjects. Cramming had a important consequence on the student’s memory keeping of Physicss 82 constructs. There was a strong additive correlativity study mark and Physics 82 concluding class as shown in figure 3. 3. Grade is a strong index of memory keeping since it was shown that those who got higher classs had better public presentation in the fake test. Therefore. pupils who obtained higher classs tend to hold more constructs retained. Cramming was shown to lend to memory loss. Crammers had a 0. 5 average bead in class between Physicss 82 concluding class and study grade whereas non-crammers had a average bead of 0. 25. The consequence of this survey is consistent with Duda’s survey which affirms the neg ative consequence of jaming. The construction of this survey may be implemented on other topics to farther measure the effects of jaming behaviour on memory keeping and may affect other standard on pupil academic public presentation. Mentions [ 1 ] J Duda. Survey shows trial cramming has negative effects on classs. hypertext transfer protocol: //wc. Arizona. edu/papers/94/91/01_2_m. hypertext markup language. Last modified on Feb 2. 2001. [ 2 ] H. D. Young and R. A. Freedman. University Physics: The Modern Physics. 10th edition. USA: Addison-Wesley Publishing Company. 2000. [ 3 ] Statistics. Encyclopedia Britannica 2005 Deluxe Edition CD. USA. Encyclopedia Britannica Inc. 2005

Adaptive memory

Adaptive memory Memory is one of the intriguing topics to study in cognitive psychology; it is something we rely on for our daily activities i.e. we use memory remember/recollect information relevant to our day to day activities. Whereas there are traditional approaches to study memory by conducting researches on the framework of levels of processing model and so on. This study has tried to investigate factors of memory from an evolutionary point of view. According to the adaptive memory concept, memory systems are tuned to retain information having survival fitness value. A crucial feature of adaptive memory is that the notion memory has evolved (over the period of time) to increase survival by better retaining information having fitness value. In the recent years, James S Nairne-et-al. research on adaptive memory has interested a lot of other researchers of evolutionary psychology to study this topic. Nairne and colleagues conducted a series of experiment to test the phenomenon of adaptive memory. Central to the school of thought in human memory research is the assumption that human memory systems are functionally designed and like other biological systems, memory is likely evolved to enhance fitness (survival and reproduction). Thinking about the relevance of information to a survival situation produces excellent long-term retention. A few seconds of survival processing produces better free recall than virtually all other known memory-enhancement techniques. Memory is essential to adaptive behavior because it allows past experience to guide choices. In the experiment conducted by Narine-et-al., participants are asked to imagine that they’re a part of a small tribe living in grassland of a foreign land. They’re asked to gather or hunt food items in order to help their and their tribes’ survival. Next a list of words are presented, and participants are asked to rate the relevance of each word to the imagined scenario. In a later surprise memory test, participants typically remember the words rated for relevance to this fitness-relevant scenario better than they remember words that are not fitness relevant (to the scenario). This can be explained through the theory of natural selection. Human memory is evolved because it enhanced survival and fitness in environments that were present during the extended period of human evolution. Anderson Schooler (1991, 2000) suggested that certain mnemonic characteristics, such as the general form of the retention function, mimic the way events tend to occur and recur in the environment. It has been suggested that sex differences in spatial abilities, including a memory for object locations, may have an evolutionary basis. Silverman Eals (1992) suggested that the division of labor typically found in hunter-gatherer societies-men hunt and women gather-may have led to unique foraging-related cognitive specializations of the sexes. Men generally outperform women on tasks thought to be related to hunting skills (e.g. navigation and orientation), whereas women often show an advantage on tasks requiring memory for objects stored in fixed locales. The experiment conducted is based on the study done by Narine-et-al. (2009), here the participants are randomly divided into three groups; hunter, gatherer, and scavenger. Participants in the experiments were asked to rate the relevance of words to scenarios that were specifically designed to mimic prototypical hunting and gathering activities. Following the rating task, participants received a surprise recall test on the rated words. Participants always rated the relevance of the target words to hunting or to gathering food, but under conditions that were either fitness relevant or not. The purpose of this study was to learn whether or not memory systems have evolved to better retain information related to fitness-survival value. Rationale: According to past studies (Narine, Klein, Cosmides, Tooby Chance,2002) suggest that human memory systems are â€Å"tuned† to remember information that is processed in terms of fitness value. Hence it is predicted that when a person is asked to rate the relevance of words to a survival scenario the performance is better on recall scores.

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Early Western Civilization - Essay Example popularly known as, Charles the great, was a King of a Germanic tribe in current-day Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and western Germany. He embarked on a charge to unite all Germanic peoples into a single kingdom and convert all his subjects to Christianity. Because he was a shrewd military strategist, he spent a majority of his reign engrossed in warfare so as to accomplish his goals. As a result of this role, he catapulted the Carolingian Renaissance, a cultural as well as intellectual revival in Europe. This Renaissance served as a platform for the rise of civilization in Europe. His unification of most parts of Europe changed the political inclinations of the time. Charlemagne also played a critical role in the economy of Europe by abolishing the monetary system based on gold that was a rare commodity. The new system based on silver that was adopted after that made trading and commerce easier. The Holy Rome Empire was at the forefront of the civilization in Europe. Through the empire’s solid grounding on Christianity to drive its course, myriad social services were provided to Europeans. These services included schooling and medical care, which are essential to the development of society. As the empire spread its holding to the rest of Europe, so did civilization. Another key participant towards the civilization of Europe was Germany. Germany had innovative ideas for economic growth, coupled with their eye for engineering. The Germans developed essential tools and equipment that promoted agriculture, and hence civilization. England, as a country had an enormous bearing on the civilization of Europe. Due to her stability in terms of politics, England was able to develop adequate tools to aid the amelioration of her economy. The ideas that were hatched in England moved to other parts of Europe, hence promoting civilization. The Byzantine Empire, headquartered in Constantinople, was one of the key drivers for European civilization. Over its

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Computer R us case study - Assignment Example siness in particular the Computer R Us where as the customer satisfaction deals with the experience of the customer who use the products provided by Computer R Us and services of Complete Care. The division of Computer R us (Complete Care) is recently facing some issues that results in customer dissatisfaction and therefore will lead to an impact on the satisfaction of the customers of Computer R Us that will result is loss of revenues. It is important for the company to take proper measures to adopt effectiveness wit in the operations that will result in customer satisfaction and hence the company will earn above average returns and customer loyalty. The research is quantitative in nature; the tools that will be used are the descriptive analysis, cross tabulation, questionnaire and regression analysis. The research approach is deductive and the analysis method would be running tests on SPSS (statistical analysis tool). Descriptive statistics provides with a descriptive coefficients that are brief, these summarize the given data; these coefficients can either be representation of the defined population or the sample used in the research. The determinants describe the central tendency and the measures of changes/variability or dispersion of the data. The descriptive analysis will give the idea of the means standard deviation of different variables/statistics used in the questionnaire and regression analysis. Cross tabulation is used to identify and compare the relationship between two variables. The cross tabulation will depict the variations of different responses with regards to the frequencies and year of association of customers with the company (Computer R Us). The questionnaire is designed in a way that all the important elements of customer satisfaction and effectiveness of services are covered. The identified elements of Customer Satisfaction selected are: The customer perceived image of the product and service is important. The customer’s

Answer PhD Application Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer PhD Application Questions - Essay Example I am privileged to have graduated with a degree in Master of Sciences of Management on January 2010 at the Polytechnic Institute of New York University, United States of America where leadership courses focusing on contemporary theories and applications in leadership in organizations were highlighted. As a masteral student, my skills in leadership were enhanced through training on negotiation, conflict resolution, and motivation, among others. As a graduate of a degree in Education from the Taiba University, Medina, Saudi Arabia in 2007 I have gained competent qualifications in Educational Novelties, Ecology and Pollution, Clinical Psychology for Children, Islamic Ethics, and Developing Language Skills for Children, among others. Being a recipient of a full scholarship from King Abdullah Graduate Studies Scholarship for both the master degree and doctorate degree, the most important contribution so far is sharing the theoretical knowledge learned through applications as volunteer in the Madinah Chamber of Commerce and Industry in Saudi Arabia. If accepted for the PhD in Educational Leadership at University of Wyoming, significant research made in the field of education and leadership would be instrumental in updating practices in my native country and enhance policies in this field of endeavor, concurrently in both private and public organizations in Saudi Arabia, as

A letter of apology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

A letter of apology - Essay Example The differences between high school and college present challenges to every student, but I believe those challenges may be more easily overcome if one moves straight to college from high school and doesn't suffer the consequences of spending an extended period of time away from that routine. Now that I am back into that routine, I believe I will be capable of performing far better academically. Further contributing to my difficulties in readjusting to being a student is that I was also under the supervision of Dr. as well as the school's counselor, Dr . As part of this supervision I was prescribed medication that, unfortunately, served to make me quite drowsy. The challenge has been to treat both my medical needs and my academic needs in a balanced way and the best approach to this, according to my physicians, was to allow the medications to work while taking steps to make sure the side effects were not too severe that they impaired by scholastic endeavors. The advice I was given was to create a schedule that allowed me to study and go to classes at those times when the effects of the medication were at their least severe.

Final Exam Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 4

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The Education System - Essay Example What measures are we willing to take in order to achieve it What system are we going to introduce to our education so that we could produce individuals fit for this society Are we willing to sacrifice and violate some values such as the values of privacy and freedom just to attain this so called "perfect society" And if we do, will it be worth it What would have become of us as human beings Education is one way to implement discipline or a desired behavior of any sort. After all, it is undeniable that a nation's education system greatly influences the kind of citizens it has. The people's discipline, values, and way of living are all affected by the kind of education they were able to attain, since we all know that, before being exposed to the real world where we have to work, we have to go through education. Unless we are home schooled and aside from outside influences, we learn everything else in school: manners, culture, academics. If the education system of a society can be altered and controlled by one person, there is a great chance that he will gain control over all of the society. In Paulo Freire's "banking theory of education" from his book Pedagogy of the Oppressed, he argues that society uses education to avoid people from intervening in what they have created as the perfect society. They have come up with a system that does not allow students to think; rather they are only receptacles of teachings or deposits. He said that "the banking concept of education regards men as adaptable, manageable beings. The more students work at storing the deposits entrusted to them, the less they develop the critical consciousness which would result from their intervention in the world as transformers of that world". In this concept, students receive what the teachers give. They don't have a perception or an opinion of their own. They are only to record, memorize, and repeat without thinking. (Freire, Chapter 2). This way, it will be sure that no one stands up to change anything in the system. "The more completely they accept the passive role imposed on them, the more they tend simply to adapt to the world as it is and to the fragmented view of reality deposited in them". Thus his idea of the students being the "oppressed" and the education system being oppressive because the system has removed the students' ability to think creatively and at the same time, be contributors to the learning process so they don't only listen. Michael Foucault's concept of Panopticism, on the other hand, introduces a mechanism that involves instruments, techniques, and procedures to be able to suppress and control people's minds to make sure that discipline "reigns over society as a whole" (Foucault, Part 3: Discipline). Although this is a completely separate idea, the concept of gaining power and control is the same with Freire's "banking concept". In Foucault's book Discipline and Punish, Part Three, he compares panopticism with a plague affected town. The plague can be an illness, or a symbolic disorder of rebellions, crimes, and vagabondage. In order to contain this plague and avoid any "contagions", a system was built to supervise each and every citizen in all their movements. The town was closed and they were prohibited to leave town in pain of death. All events were under surveillance and everything was recorded. From this concept, Foucault discusses a style of architecture from Jeremy Bentham's idea wherein

Forklift Accident Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Forklift Accident - Article Example An accident occurred at the construction site of a light industrial building. A worker was driving a 3 ton forklift down a circular vehicle ramp from the fourth level towards the third level. There was no load on the forklift. The vehicle suddenly swerved and overturned on the third level and the worker who was driving the forklift was crushed beneath the vehicle and died on the spot. The driver had not undergone the mandatory forklift driver’s training course. Findings revealed that the forklift involved in the accident belonged to the main contractor and was poorly maintained. The driver was an employee of the plastering and bricklaying works contractor. The numbers of trained forklift operators were inadequate with respect to the number of forklifts. Also there was no risk assessment conducted on forklift operations.Another such accident occurred at a warehouse in a distribution park. A worker tallying stock stored on metal racks squeezed himself into the gap between two ra cks. A forklift driver was pushing racks closer together to make space for more racks. He did not see the employee, and the employee was crushed to death between the metal racks. If risk assessment had been carried out, forklifts and other workers would not have been allowed to operate in the area concurrently. It also seemed that there was inadequate safety training awareness among the employees.The key to preventing such accidents is training and enforcement of safety measures at places where forklifts are used.

Sandwich Blitz Unit 6 Essay Example for Free

Sandwich Blitz Unit 6 Essay According to the four step control process, the first step would be to set performance standards. In this scenario Lei would first need to update the employee handbook. Updating the handbook would clearly set new employee standards. Lei would also need to make it mandated that every manager review the new updated version with their staff. Measuring performance is the next step. With this process Lei would need to sit down with the management team and conduct an evaluation on the employees. This would allow them to see who was upholding the rules and regulations in the handbook. This will lead to areas of opportunity and also areas of correction. Buy measuring the performance level this would give the team the ability to give recognition to those that deserve it. Step three is comparing the performance, this step will be challenging for the team. The team will need to evaluate the performance of the employees before the updated handbook. This will give the management team the ability to discuss what further changes need to be made. Also in the evaluation they will be able to evaluate the employees that did not need to make an adjustment with-in the new handbook. Step four is to take action to correct problems and reinforce successes. In my opinion this is the last and most critical step. The individual incorrectly imputed wrong working time, or time that they did not work. This can be handled in a number of ways. They can have the employee make up the hours, and not get paid for them. Another option is that they can deduct the time paid out of their paycheck. This will allow the other employees to be aware that this type of action will not be overlooked. The manager should also be held accountable for his or her action. A manager should not authorize any action that is not cleared or allowed in the handbook. The only way to be fair on both sides is to write the manager up.

Founding Fathers of Psychology Essay Example for Free

Founding Fathers of Psychology Essay These four men that we are about to talk about are some of the, if not the most important people in psychology. One developed psychology as a school of thought and published the first book on the subject which opened the door for another to develop his theories. Years after the book came out another thinker was inspired to look into the human mind and this time with a more scientifically critical mind and approach, there was a common reason people had problem, he just was not positive what. This lead two of his students to move on and one focus on the individual versus what the majority has a problem with and made sure that treatment focused on them. The second looked more in depth into what naturally came into our subconscious and how that affected us and our development. These were the non-official founding fathers of psychology. This man never even practiced medicine yet, after graduating from Harvard he went on to become an influential person in psychology (Stone, 2000). In addition to many other things that William James did to help with the field of psychology, especially the psychological aspects of religion he also dabbled in the use of scientific methods to investigate the mostly untouched spiritual and psychic realm. He was also the first one to fight for psychology to be recognized as a science, everyone after him has him to thank for the distinction as a science (Croce, 2010). The way he fought was just a more unorthodox way of going about it, he did not even like to be called psychologist, in fact he preferred the term philosopher (Goodwin, 2008). He eventually developed a position that would become the foundation for the functional psychologists, this was known as pragmatism. This was based on the belief that a person had control over what they do and life changes those experiences. This lead to a book that would change the way people looked at psychology as something to take seriously, the Principles of Psychology became the first text book type publication on this subject which led to people like Sigmund Freud and others to develop their theories as well. Freud is one of the most famous of them all, when anyone thinks of psychology that has not looking in depth into its history will always think of Freud. Freud was not all the way people portray him either if something seemed to be too damaging for his patient it was stopped (Chessick, 2000). Psychoanalysis is hard on everyone on the situation because it digs deep into what makes a person act the way they do. Freud was said to have a unique approach to his patients for his time frame. He realized that when a person learns something new or experiences something new it does indeed change something about that person, he also knew that the past had something do with it and that there were layers of consciousness to a person that has an effect as well. He made them a part of their therapy and listened to what they wanted out of their therapy instead of dictating to them what they should do with themselves (Frank, 2008). He wanted his patients to be able to be free with themselves and learning their own hindrances that may keep them from doing something that they should be doing with themselves. He wanted them to be their own person and not held back by whatever has brought them to him. Freud himself focused more on assigning a general reason for people to behave the way they did which is what influenced his students to branch out. Alfred Adler joined Freud’s psychoanalytic movement in 1902, but he left the group in 1911 because of persistent disagreements with Freudian theory (Overholser, 2010). This approach that Adler created was called the Individualistic approach this approach focuses solely on the patient and what experiences have shaped them over the course of their life. This is one of the most in depth ways to psychoanalyze people, realizing the perceived flaw in Freud’s theory; he took a look at what made the individual unique and how that changed their human experience. This helps improve the one so that eventually that one will go out into society and become responsible for themselves and each other as good members of it. Adler continued to believe that Freud had made a point by looking back at ones childhood for answers but rather than focusing on the sexual root to the problem, he focused on the feelings that came out of a situation (Lafountain, 2009). For example, if one grew up afraid to take charge of situations because someone else always did it for them, they could have trouble later in life trying to be in charge of themselves or other people. After studying with Freud he went on to focus on how society affects an individual and how that individual functions in society. He believed there were three things a person needed to accomplish in life to be a healthy socially minded person. First is the task of finding how to survive, a job, maintaining ones house, the responsible things. Second is cooperating and being civil as well as respectful to society. Third are intimate relationships, having children, friends, a spouse. All three of these were crucial to being a normally functioning person in society (Lafountain, 2010). Basically a person is unique in nearly all aspects of their life and that needs to be taken into account in each and every case from psychology to teaching because not everyone is going to fit together well. Carl Jung, as with Adler was inspired and influenced by Freud in the early years of his career and as with that came the eventual disagreement and him going his separate way. He redefined some of terms that we are more familiar with today. He gave us the terms; introvert, extrovert, conscious, unconscious, collective unconscious, persona, archetype, and more importantly psyche. These were terms to simplify and classify different processes going on in the brain at any given moment, one of the other more important and less verifiable is the theory of collective unconsciousness, this is the belief that collectively humans have a psychological knowledge that they can draw on that is inherent in our genetic make-up (Carter, 2011). This was closely followed by the archetypes which without collective unconscious as a theory would not be feasible, the archetypes are what those thoughts are made up of in the collective unconscious, something like innate nature that says we are inherently supposed to fear things that would do us harm. Studying this brings out what is instinctual in humans versus what is something that they are aware of doing, much like Freud’s subconscious thought theory. Both agreed that there are things that are in humans that are unconscious and just happen and those needed to be studied and understood as well (Carter, 2010). Jungian followers believed that like Freud dreams had meaning but in Jung’s school this allowed the person analyzing the dreams to free associate the meaning based off of their own knowledge of mythology and life versus what would be from the person who is being analyzed own life. The thought was that collective unconscious would make the analyst come to the correct conclusion based on unconscious thoughts going back and forth between the two. These four individuals shaped psychology as what it is today, they both indirectly and directly influenced each other even when some of them never met and history has diminished their accomplishments. James started it all with the mind of a philosopher who enjoyed the concreteness of what science proved but also the mystery of what it left open. Freud was a philosopher who thought more as a scientist and therefore opened the idea that the brain has hidden information in it that needed to be discovered to learn what makes a person themselves. This led Jung and Adler to take his ideals and expand on them where they agreed and where they disagreed. Without them psychology would not be where it is today and you can see little bits of what they contributed throughout its history. . References  Carter, D. (2011). CARL JUNG IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY. Contemporary Review, 293(1703), 441. Chessick, R. D. (2000). Psychoanalysis at the Millennium. American Journal Of Psychotherapy, 54(3), 277. Croce, P. J. (2010). Reaching beyond Uncle William: A century of William James in theory and in life. History Of Psychology, 13(4), 351-377. doi:10. 1037/a0021106 Frank, G. (2008). A response to The relevance of Sigmund Freud for the 21st century. . Psychoanalytic Psychology, 25(2), 375-379. doi:10. 1037/0736-9735. 25. 2. 375 Goodwin, C. J. (2008). A History of Modern Psychology (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Lafountain, R. (2009). Alfred Adlers Place in the Field of Psychology. Washington, District of Columbia, US: APA Division 1, Society for General Psychology. Overholser, J. C. (2010). Psychotherapy that strives to encourage social interest: A simulated interview with Alfred Adler. Journal Of Psychotherapy Integration, 20(4), 347-363. doi:10. 1037/a0022033 Stone, A. A. (2000). Images in psychiatry: William James, 1842-1910. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(10), 1583-1583. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/220496188? accountid=35812.

Gas metal arc welding

Gas metal arc welding Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) 1 Introduction Welding is the fabrication process of joining two metal pieces permanently by applying heat or pressure or both. Joining takes place by melting and fusing: melting the base metals and applying the filler metal. This is achieved by melting workpieces and adding a filler material to form a pool of molten material (weld pool) that cools to become a strong joint. (Wikipedia) Some advantages of welding are that it produces a strong and tight joining between two pieces, is cost effective, simple and can be mechanized and automated. However welding results in internal stresses, distortions and changes in microstructure in the weld region. GMAW is currently one of the most popular welding methods, especially in industrial environments because it has lead to simplification of the welding process. GMAW is said to be one of the easiest welding processes to learn and perform. This is because in the process, the power source virtually does all the work by adjusting welding parameters to handle differing conditions. GMAW is extensively used in sheet metal industry and automobile industry. It has replaced riveting and resistance spot welding. It has also found applications in robot welding, where robots handle the workpieces and the welding gun to increase the consistency and the manufacturing process rate. The change in welding trends from SMAW to GMAW in the small and medium fabrications, mainly in the automotive industry. The reason is the attempt of manufacturers to maintain quality and decreasing cost.Lateron it was noted that GMAW was not preferred previously because of the limitation of incomplete fusion, which was not preferred for bridge and structural fabrications. However, with increase in the technology in GMAW, such as advancement in pulsed spray mode of transfer of metal, applications of the welding process has increased. Then there were some advancement in pulse metal arc welding by producing spray transfer at low mean currents. In a GMAW, process good thermal and electrical conductivities act as a drawback because such properties lead to excessive heating of base metals. Hence, limiting the use of the gas metal arc welding process. Pulsed gas metal arc welding (GMAW-P) addresses such problems. Another advancement in GMAW is the use of double electrode in the welding proc ess to increase the manufacturing speed. The DE-GMAW allows increasing the melting current while controlling the base metal current at a desired level. They also developed a model to correlate the change in resistance in the base metal required to achieve the desired base metal current. Then came upon the process of laser hybrid welding, which is popular in automotive industry today. They describe the interaction of laser with GMAW during welding and discuss various variables involved during the process. Later on engineers reviewed the droplet transfer models of solid wire. They described the simulation models: SFBT (static force balance theory), PIT (pinch instability theory) and VOF theory. They concluded that results produced by VOF were in confirmation with the experimental results. With advancement in technology of GMAW, its applications have touched new horizon. Therefore, it is important to study about this process in detail. The purpose of this report is to present the process variables, effect of process variables and equipment on the welding process, and sensing and control systems. Advantages, disadvantages and applications of GMAW process are briefly discussed. This report is expected to help future researchers in their research endeavors by acting as a literature review and a guide to the gas metal arc welding process. 2 Methodology This section will briefly describe the types of welding processes and then concentrate on the GMAW process. Different methods of GMAW process, the modes of metal transfer are introduced in this section. Emphasis is laid on the process variables in the GMAW process, equipment used, and the sensing and control systems. In designing a welding process, the effect of different process variables must be considered. Each application has its unique requirements and limitations. These will be in relation to the parameters that can be controlled or not. Also, the equipment used is of great concern in terms of its simple operation and control and uses. It is important to know the process variables that will have affect on the welding process and their relationship with other parameters. The emerging necessity of the welding processes is its automation. With the use of robots in welding, it has become necessary to automate the whole process and monitor and control the operation and quality of weld. Different sensing and control systems under research and recently introduced in the industry are discussed. 2.1 Welding processes Various welding processes have been developed and used in the welding industry depending upon their application, energy source, such as mechanical, electrical, chemical or optical, metals to be welded, location of metals, cost, etc. The three broad classes are: Solid state welding Fusion welding Soldering and Brazing 2.1.1 Solid state welding Solid state weldingis a welding process, in which two work pieces are joined under a pressure providing an intimate contact between them and at a temperature essentially below the melting point of the parent material (Kopeliovich). Two materials bind by diffusion of the interface atoms. The processes that come under this class are: Forge Welding (FOW) Cold Welding (CW) Friction Welding (FRW) Explosive Welding (EXW) Diffusion Welding (DFW) Ultrasonic Welding (USW) Although these processes have advantages, they require thorough surface preparation like degreasing, oxide removal and brushing or sanding. In addition, these processes are expensive. 2.1.2 Soldering and brazin. Soldering and brazing involve melting the filler metal, which then flows into the space between the closely fitted base metals and solidifies. In soldering, the melting point of the filler metal is below 800Â °F while in brazing it is above this temperature. In both these processes, the melting point of the filler metal is below that of base metals. The filler metal is distributed between the properly fitted parts by capillary attraction. Some disadvantages are removal of flux residuals to prevent corrosion, no gas shielding may cause porosity of the joint, large sections cannot be joined, filler materials may contain toxic components and expensive filler materials. 2.1.3 Fusion welding Fusion welding involves the partial melting of two members welded by a heat source and amalgamated into one piece. The thermal energy required for fusion is usually supplied by chemical or electrical means. It may use a filler material like a consumable electrode or a wire. Fusion welding uses a protective layer like gas shielding or flux, which melts and forms a viscous slag on the weld metal that solidifies and removed later. 2.2. Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) Gas metal arc welding (GMAW) or metal inert gas (MIG) welding or metal active gas (MAG) welding is a semi-automatic or automatic arc welding process, which joins metals by heating them to their melting point with an electric arc. A continuous, consumable electrode wire and a shielding gas are fed through a welding gun. MIG involves use of an inert gas while MAG uses active gas like oxygen or carbon dioxide. 2.2.1 GMAW process Gas metal arc welding process usually comprise of a constant voltage, direct current (constant current or alternating current systems can also be used) arc burning between a thin bare metal wire electrode and the work piece. The arc and weld area are encased in a protective gas shield, fed through the welding gun. A continuous, consumable wire electrode is fed from a spool, through the welding torch/gun, which is connected to the positive terminal into the weld zone. 2.2.1.1 Parameters. The parameters of GMAW process are: Shielding gas Electrode size Electric parameter: voltage and current (continuous current is used) Feed rate (of electrode) Travel speed The shielding gas like carbon dioxide or a mixture of carbon dioxide and argon helps protect the molten metal from reacting with the atmosphere. Molten metal when exposed reacts with oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen in the environment. Shielding gas flows through the gun and cable assembly and out of the gun nozzle with the welding wire to shield and protect the molten weld pool. The risk of reacting of metal with atmosphere limits the use of GMAW indoors because outdoors wind can blow the shielding gas away from the work piece and result in reaction. The consumable wire commonly is copper colored mild steel, which has been electroplated with a thin layer of copper to protect it from rusting, improve electrical conductivity, increase contact tip life, and improve arc performance. 2.2.2 GMAW methods. GMAW can be performed in three different ways: Semiautomatic Welding wire feeding is controlled by the equipment and the movement of welding gun is by hand. Also called hand-held welding. Machine Welding a gun is connected to a manipulator (not hand-held). Manipulator controls are adjusted constantly by an operator. Automatic Welding welds without the constant adjusting of controls by a welder or operator. 2.2.3 Mode of metal transfer in GMAW. GMAW use four different modes to transfer metal from the electrode to the work piece. These are: Globular mode of transfer Short-circuit transfer Globular transfer Spray transfer Pulse-spray transfer 2.2.3.1 Short-circuit transfer Short circuit transfer refers to the welding achieved by short-circuiting (touching) welding wire with the base metal between 90 200 times per second. The wire feed speeds, voltages, and deposition rates are usually lower than with other types of metal transfer such as spray transfer. This facilitates welding thin or thick metals in any position. A typical Short Circuit Cycle can be summarized in following steps: Electrode is short-circuited to base metal. No arc and current is flowing through electrode wire and base metal. Resistance in electrode wire increases causing it to heat, melt and neck down. Electrode wire separates from weld puddle, creating an arc. Small portion of electrode wire is deposited, which forms a weld puddle. Arc length and load voltage are at maximum. Heat of arc flattens the puddle and increases the diameter tip of electrode. Wire feed speed overcomes heat of arc and wire approaches base metal again. Short circuit cycle starts again. 2.2.3.2 Globular Transfer Globular transfer refers to the state of transfer between short-circuiting and spray arc transfer. Large globs of wire are expelled from the end of the electrode wire and allowed to enter the weld puddle. This type of mode of transfer results when welding parameters such as voltage, amperage and wire feed speed is somewhat higher than the settings for short circuit transfer. 2.2.3.3 Spray Arc Transfer Spray arc transfer refers to spraying a stream of tiny molten droplets across the arc, from the electrode wire to the base metal. Spray arc transfer uses relatively high voltage, wire feed speed and amperage values, compared to short circuit transfer. Inert argon rich shielding gas is used for best results. 2.2.3.4 Pulse-spray Transfer In the pulse-spray transfer mode, the power supply is made to cycle between a high spray transfer current and a low background current. It is different from the spray transfer in that it allows the super cooling of the weld pool during background cycle. In each cycle one droplet transfers from the electrode to the weld pool. The low background current allows pulse-spray mode of transfer to weld out of position on thick sections with higher energy than the short-circuit transfer, thus producing a higher average current and improved sidewall fusion. It can be used to lower heat input and reduce distortion when high travel speeds are not needed or cannot be achieved because of equipment or throughput limitations. 2.2.4 Process Variables The process variables of the GMAW affect the welding efficiency and weld quality. These variables either act alone by affecting the final product or they interact with each other and affect weld penetration, bead geometry. It is important to study these variables and have their set limits for a desired welding process and good overall weld quality. The enough penetration, high heating rate and rightwelding profile make the quality of welding joint. These are affected by welding current, arc voltage,welding speed and protective gas parameters. Table 1 shows the effect of different process variables on penetration depth, deposition rate, bead size and bead width. Table 1: Effect of process variables on penetration, deposition rate, bead size and bead width. Welding variables Desired changes to change Penetration Deposition rate Bead size Bead width Increase Decrease Increase Decrease Increase Decrease Increase Decrease Current and wire feed speed Increase Decrease Increase Decrease Increase Decrease Little effect Little effect Voltage No effect No effect Little effect Little effect Little effect Little effect Increase Decrease Travel speed No effect No effect Little effect Little effect Decrease Increase Decrease Increase Electrode extension Decrease Increase Increasea Decreasea Increase Decrease Decrease Increase Wire diameter Decrease Increase Decrease Increase Little effect Little effect Little effect Little effect Shield gas % Increase Decrease Little effect Little effect Little effect Little effect Increase Decrease Gun angle Drag Push Little effect Little effect Little effect Little effect Push Drag a change will occur if current is maintained by wire feed speed. http://products.asminternational.org/hbk/index.jsp The process variables are listed and discussed below: Welding current (electrode feed speed) Polarity Arc voltage (arc length) Travel speed Electrode extension Electrode orientation (gun angle) Electrode diameter 2.2.4.1 Welding current Welding current is the electrical amperage in the power system as the weld is being made. In GMAW constant voltage power sources (voltage) are used, therefore, amperage is thought to be controlled by wire feed speed. Welding current is read from the power source meter or a separate ammeter is often used. The total welding amperage or current supplied to the arc is determined by the wire feed rate, open circuit voltage setting and the slope setting on the welding power source (Figure 1 and Figure 2). The faster the wire feed speed, higher is the welding amperage. However, the wire feed speed only determines the balance between the welding current and the load voltage at the arc. When all other variables are held constant, an increase in welding current results in an increase in the depth and width of penetration, deposition rate, and weld bead size. This makes GMAW arc was made self-regulating. i.e. if the welder pulls the torch away from the workpiece—raising the arc length and arc voltage—the power supply drops the arc current to burn off wire at a slower rate until the preset arc voltage was re-established. If the welder pushed the torch toward the work—shortening the arc and reducing the arc voltage—the power supply quickly raised the welding current to burn off more wire until the preset arc voltage was re-established. 2.2.4.2 Polarity Polarity describes the electrical connection of the electrode (welding gun) with the terminal of a power source. When the gun power lead is connected to the positive terminal, the polarity is designated as direct current electrode positive (DCEP). When the electrode or the gun power is connected to the negative terminal, the polarity is designated as direct current electrode negative (DCEN). When alternating current (AC) is used, the polarity changes every half cycle of 50 or 60 Hz. In GMAW usually DCEP is used because it yields a stable arc, smooth metal transfer, relatively low spatter, good weld bead characteristics and deep penetration for a wide range of welding currents. On the other hand, DCEN results in the molten droplet size tends to increase and the droplet transfer becomes irregular (Figure 3). This increases large grain spatter. Some wires with unique chemical composition have been developed for DCEN, which give excellent results on galvanized sheets. Variable polarity gas metal arc welding (VP-GMAW) is the current trend in the welding industry. Inverter pulse power supplies allow to combine DCEP and DCEN polarities in varying amounts (Figure 4). In their research, Harwig et al. (2000) showed that VP-GMAW could be used for welding thin gage aluminium sheets. They noted that during DCEN polarity, droplet formation takes place and it is transferred across the arc by DCEP polarity. They said that DCEN could be added up to 60 % to the current, beyond that the arc becomes unstable. 2.2.4.3. Arc Voltage Arc voltage is the amount of voltage present between the electrode and workpiece. Arc voltage and arc length are used interchangeably. Arc voltage is an approximate means of defining the physical arc length in electrical terms. However, one physical arc length could yield different arc voltage readings, depending on factors such as shielding gas, current, and electrode extension. If all these variables are kept constant, arc voltage and arc length can be correlated i.e. with increase in voltage setting, arc length increases. The welders are interested in arc length, but arc voltage is easy to monitor and must be specified in welding procedures. Therefore, its the arc voltage that is most commonly used term than the arc length. Arc voltage controls the height and width of the weld. Any increase in arc voltage from specific value, flattens the bead and increase the width of the fusion zone. Very high voltage results in porosity, spatter (unstable arc), and undercut. However, a voltage less than required will result in narrower weld bead with higher crown i.e. wire stubs on the work. Therefore, voltage must be set midway between high/low voltages. 2.2.4.4. Travel speed is the speed at which a welder moves the electrode along the joint to make a weld. Technically its the linear rate at which the arc is moved along the weld joint. Weld penetration is always maximum at intermediate travel speed, when all other conditions are constant. If low travel speed is used, the arc will impinge on the molten weld pool than working on the base metal and hence affect penetration efficiency. Large increase in travel speed will result in less thermal energy on the base metal. At high speed, the rate of melting of base metal is increased first and then decreased. If travel speed is increased any further, undercutting along the edges of weld bead may occur because of insufficient deposition of filler metal in the path melted by the arc. High speed GMAW as signifies uses high travel speeds. Rapid Arc Company uses pulsed GMAW for faster travel speeds, low spatter, out of position operation and lower heat input. They achieve high travel speeds by using lower arc voltage i.e. shorter arc length, this reduces spatter and washed out bead profile, allowing high torch travel speed. They divided rapid waveform into four parts (Figure 5): Pulse: A sudden increase in current increases arc energy, and forms and squeezes a molten droplet extending from the end of the electrode. Puddle Rise: The ramp down of current relaxes the plasma force, depressing the puddle, allowing it to rise up towards the droplet. Short : The arc collapses, and the droplet contacts the weld puddle. Puddle Repulsion: immediately following a short breaking into an arc, a gentle plasma boost pushes the puddle away and conditions the electrode tip. This ensures reliable separation of the wire tip and the puddle resulting in a stable rhythm of the cycle. 2.2.4.5 Electrode orientation Electrode orientation is the angle of the electrode axis with respect to the travel direction. This is called the travel angle. On the other hand, it could be the angle of the electrode axis with the work surface. This is called the work angle. When the electrode points in a direction opposite to the travel direction, it results in a trail angle and is called the backhand welding technique. When the electrode points in the direction of travel, it results in a lead angle and is called the forehand welding technique. The maximum penetration is achieved for trailing travel angle between 5 to 15Â ° (from perpendicular). This also provides a narrow, convex surface configuration and shielding of the molten weld pool. However, the leading travel angle provides the welder better visibility and a flatter weld surface. This is more commonly used technique. For materials such as aluminum, a leading angle is preferred, because it provides a cleaning action ahead of the molten weld metal, which promotes wetting and reduces base-material oxidation. This is because the leading angle of the electrode pushes the molten metal and slag ahead of the weld. When producing fillet welds in the horizontal position, the work angle should be about 45Â ° to the vertical member. 2.2.4.6. The electrode extension The distance between the last point of electrical contact (usually the gun contact tip or tube) and the end of the electrode. An increase in the amount of this extension causes an increase in electrical resistance. This, in turn, generates additional heat in the electrode, which contributes to greater electrode melting rates. Without an increase in arc voltage, the additional metal will be deposited as a narrow, high-crowned weld bead. The optimum electrode extension generally ranges from 6.4 to 13 mm for short-circuiting transfer and from 13 to 25 mm for spray and globular transfers. 2.2.4.7. The electrode diameter Influences the weld bead configuration. A larger electrode requires a higher minimum current than a smaller electrode does to achieve the same metal transfer characteristics.Higher currents, in turn, produce additional electrode melting and larger, more-fluid weld deposits. Higher currents also result in higher deposition rates and greater penetration, but may prevent the use of some electrodes in the vertical and overhead positions. 2.2.5 Equipment The basic assembly of GMAW containing the components of equipment can be seen in Figure 6. It is important to study each part of the equipment to reach the required quality of the weld. Each application of GMAW will have a specific requirement for each part. Therefore, these can be controlled or modified to change the welding process to achieve good welding efficiency and quality. The fundamental equipment for a typical GMAW installation includes: Welding gun Electrode feed unit Welding control mechanism Power source Electrode source Regulated Shielding gas For automatic welding equipment the wire feed unit and the current contact and gas barrel are combined in a single welding head (Figure 7). For Semi automatic welding flexibility is generally achieved by separating the wire feed unit from the torch and passing wire, gas, current and cooling water through the flexible conduit. Wire-feeding complexities must be considered using these systems. High powered motors are required to push wire for several yards. Ferrous metal wires can be fed through smooth, flexible and rigid spiral steel wire-feed tubes. But, aluminium and non-ferrous metals are difficult to feed through tubes until they are nylon lined. The wire feed difficulties increase with decreasing wire diameter. Welding current in GMAW equipment is introduced to the wire by passing it to a copper tube. A variation in point of current pick up can alter the resistance between contact and arc and cause variations in burn-off rate because of its effect on overall circuit resistance. With high currents or high resistance metals the current contact tube is shortened or fitted with small tip diameter tip to reduce variation. Water cooking is required for equipments that have automatic welding heads and those that work at about 250 A. Water cooling and chromium-plated surface make removal of fume and spatter from the nozzle easier. POWER CABLE (NEGATIVE) POWER CABLE (POSITIVE) WELDING VOLTAGE CURRENT DETECTION 115 VAC IN TO PRIMARY POWER 230/460/575 V COOLING WATER IN SHIELDING GAS IN TO CARRIAGE DRIVE MOTOR 115 VAC IN TRAVEL START/STOP WIRE FEED MOTOR SHIELDING GAS IN COOLING WATER IN COOLING WATER OUT The parts of GMAW are discussed below in detail. 2.2.5.1Welding gun Responsible for delivering the electrical current to the electrode, and directs it to the work piece and allows the flow of shielding gas to the weld area. The choice of welding gun is critical, but often ignored over power source, wire feeder, and shielding gas, which are most costly. Proper choice can give good welds and productivity. Different types of guns are used for different applications: heavy duty guns for high current and high volume production, and light guns for low current and out of position welding. Figure 8 shows the most commonly used gun, which is air cooled. Water cooled gun is used for high current requirement. Welding guns are rated on their current-carrying capacity. If inert gas is used, the gun rating is reduced to a much lower extent. A welding gun can be equipped with its own electrode feed unit. Parts of welding gun Back end is the power pin that connects the gun and power cable to the wire feeder. This connection must be tight. A loose connection between the gun and the feeder can cause electrical resistance throughout the entire system. This will result in overheating, which may damage the gun or the wire feeder. This may also cause gas leakage and poor conductivity that can lead to an erratic arc and poor weld quality. Usually a supportive strain relief is provided at the connection between the power cable and wire feeder. This helps in good wire feeding, which results in a stable arc and quality welds. There is another option of selecting a gun with multiple feeders for various GMAW applications reducing overall cost. Contact tube: is used to transmit welding current to the electrode and to direct the electrode towards the work. It is usually made of copper or a copper alloy and connected electrically by power cable to the power source. The tube hole for wire input is of 0.13 to 0.25 mm larger than the wire being use, larger for aluminium and non ferrous metals. Nylon lining is used for non ferrous metals and aluminium electrodes. This inner surface of the tube has to be changed in case of excessive wear, which may result in poor electrical contact. Consumables (nozzles and tips): The nozzle in the welding gun directs the shielding gas into the welding area. An even flow must be maintained to protect molten weld from the environmental gases. Larger nozzles are used for high current work with large weld pool and small nozzles used for low current work. Consumables are selected based on longevity instead of price. This reduces costs of replacement parts and changeover time. Non-threaded, large-base contact tips that fit securely to the diffuser provide good electrical conductivity and heat transfer. It is important to use heavy-duty tips and nozzles that provide good gas coverage to help ensure good arc starts, less spatter, and less rework and cleanup. Electrode conduit and liner support: protect and direct the electrode from the feed rolls to the gun and contact tube. They are connected to a bracket adjacent to the feed rolls on the electrode feed motor. It is necessary to maintain uninterrupted electrode feeding for good arc stability. The liner is the most critical component of the GMAW gun because of the problems that can arise from it. A steel liner is used for steel and copper electrodes, whereas nylo

Exploring Change in The Allegory of the Cave, and The Myth of Sisyphus :: Allegory Sisyphus

Exploring Change in The Allegory of the Cave, and The Myth of Sisyphus      Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  The Allegory of the Cave, and The Myth of Sisyphus, are both attempts at explaining some aspect of the way people think or why humans do as observed. Both stories illustrate the same idea:   without necessary and proper exposure to change, thinking is limited and ignorance is the direct product.    The Allegory of the Cave is a parable that demonstrates how humans are afraid of change and what they do not know.   In this work, Plato suggests a situation in which men are living in an underground cave.   The one entrance is located near the top and there, a burning fire casts shadow.   The men of the cave are chained so that they can only see the wall and cannot turn around.   When objects pass by it creates a shadow on the wall.   The shadows are the only thing they can see and therefore is the only thing they know to exist (747).   Somehow one of them gets loose and wanders outside the cave (748).   When he gets out, he is astonished at what he finds.   He comes back in to tell the others about what he saw.   The other men think he is mad and plot to kill him (749).   This illustrates how fear, inherent in the primitive nature of man, only serves to promote his ignorance.   Today a leading cause of stress is change; a change in your job, lifestyle, or significant others can cause stress.   Many Americans are living longer and discovering, as a result, that the learning process can never really be allowed to stop.   To be successful or sometimes even just to maintain a comfortable existence, one must adapt to the rapidly changing order.   Acknowledging that there is more that needs knowing and embarking on new educational journeys requires courage and fortitude, due to man’s inherent nature of fear.   Persons of the best natures must be compelled to attain a more complete knowledge, and those of this more complete education must expose the others to the realities of â€Å" the beautiful, the just, and the good† (752).   Often the path of explanation and clarification is unsure, but confining thought to merely the realms of the known can only prove fatal.   Individuals who currently oppose technological advances and also oppose the furthering of research mirror the cave dwellers who, out of fear, ridicule the newly enlightened wanderer.

Paul the apostle :: essays research papers

INTRODUCTION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Wycliff was a theologian and early proponent of reform in the Roman Catholic Church during the 14th century. He initiated the first translation of the Bible into the English language and is considered the main precursor of the Protestant Reformation. Wycliff was born at Ipreswell, Yorkshire, England, between 1320 and 1330. He died at Lutterworth December 31, 1384.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  John Wycliff’s family was of early Saxon origin, long settled in Yorkshire. In his day the family was a large one, covering a considerable territory. 1324 is the year usually given for Wycliff's birth. Wycliff probably received his early education close to home. It is not known when he first went to Oxford, with which he was so closely connected till the end of his life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He was at Oxford in about 1345, when a series of illustrious names was adding glory to the fame of the university, such as those of Roger Bacon, Robert Grosseteste, Thomas Bradwardine, William of Occam, and Richard Fitzralph. Wycliff owed much to Occam. He showed an interest in natural science and mathematics, but applied himself to the study of theology, ecclesiastical law, and philosophy. Even Wycliff’s opponents acknowledged the keenness of his dialectic. Wycliff’s writings prove that he was well grounded in Roman and English law, as well as in native history. A family whose seat was in the neighborhood of Wycliff's home, Bernard Castle, founded Balliol College, Oxford to which Wycliffe belonged, first as scholar, then as master. He attained the headship no later than 1360. When he was presented by the college (1361) with the parish of Fylingham in Lincolnshire, he had to give up the leadership of Balliol, though he could continue to live at Oxfor d. His university career followed the usual course. While as baccalaureate he busied himself with natural science and mathematics, as master he had the right to read in philosophy. More significant was his interest in Bible study, which he pursued after becoming bachelor in theology. His performance led Simon Islip, Archbishop of Canterbury, to place him at the head of Canterbury Hall in 1365. Between 1366 and 1372 he became a doctor of theology. In 1368 he gave up his living at Fylingham and took over the rectory of Ludgershall in Buckinghamshire, not far from Oxford, which enabled him to retain his connection with the university.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was not as a teacher or preacher that Wycliffe gained his position in history; this came from his activities in ecclesiastical politics, in which he engaged about the mid-1370s, when his reformatory work also began.

Essay --

The number of obese people in America outweighs the number of people who are merely overweight. 34% of Americans are obese, closely followed by the 32.7% of Americans that are overweight. That is crazy and extremely ridiculous. Consider this, the lowest percentage of obesity is 3.2%, three point two present, in both Korea and Japan the next lowest percentage is 7.7 in Switzerland. America has the highest obesity rate in the world, followed by Mexico, the United Kingdom, Canada and Greece. In fact the only English speaking country that is on the lower end of the spectrum is Ireland; they have a 13% obesity rate. Experts say that obesity continues to increase due to poor eating habits and not enough exercise. There are other factors such as stress, not getting enough sleep and sometimes certain medications. Obesity has become more and more prevalent in society, and not just in America. However the number of obese people has more than doubled since 1980. Food seems to be the main cause of obesity, so naturally in order to fix something just remove the root of the problem. People enjoy food; they indulge in it and even gorge upon in to the point that they stuff themselves, full, to the point of bursting. Not literally of course. So the only real way to solve the obesity epidemic is to remove all food sources. Not only is it the root of the problem, but food of any kind costs money and labor. Since America is the most obese country, predictably it would be one of the laziest as well. So why waste time, and money on a substance such as food, that is causing obesity? In order to grow and make food farmers and cooks spend many hours of labor in order to prepare it for people to eat. There is a phrase; Lake 2 â€Å"killing two birds with one ... ...e of food: food and drink designed for weight loss, for health or religious reasons, or to control or improve a medical condition. However the definition should read: a way for people to make money and become famous, at the expense of obese and overweight people. People spend tones and tones of money on diet programs, books and special food, and it always ends the same, little to no results. As stated before Americans are lazy and it seems impossible to break bad eating. Plus diets are filled with boring and bland food, with restrictions at every corner. Not even the most dedicated person would be able to stick with this type of plan. The people who create the diets and exercise plans have one thing in common, and that is they are setting millions of Americans up for failure. Yes there is the occasional success story, but in all reality it does not happen very often.

Forecast Appendix

Opportunity Nowadays lifestyle is fast, whatever children, working period and everyone have not enough time to take care of their health, at the same time, and most of people are interested taking care of their health by used the supplementary product (pill or brew-drink). Moreover health is nowadays significant to several individuals. Because of this, supplementary food merchandises are widely traded. On the other hand in hurriedly time BASE (Beauty, Strong and Easy (Consume)) supplementary product is the new and different way for everyone.BASE supplementary product can be convenient easy, because the supplementary product in type of candy is can save the time no matter when working or car driving, on the other hand the candy supplement product does not need any water to devour. Unfortunately, not everyone is in a position to get all of the nutrients they need from their food. Here are three reasons why some people use dietary supplements instead: 1 . Physical stress decreases the b ody's ability to absorb nutrients from food. Have you ever been so tense before a school exam that you threw up or otherwise felt sick?If you have, then you know firsthand that stress can disrupt your digestive system. Many people work in stressful environments that produce physical stress (e. G. , construction workers), emotional stress (e. G. , counselors), and mental stress (e. G. , accountants and lawyers). In these environments, people's bodies may experience reduced efficiency at extracting nutrients from food. Consequently, people often have to use dietary supplements to keep their bodies healthy. 2. Dietary supplements can compensate for poor cooking.Many people are busy enough that they have to (a) eat fast food or (b) cook quickly for themselves. In either case, the food consumed by such people might simply lack the necessary nutrients for a healthy human being. It is a no-brainier, therefore, for people to use dietary supplements. 3. Unusual health requirements force some people to take dietary supplements. With the help of a doctor, some people (e. G. , pregnant mothers and drug addicts) determine that they need additional nutrients in their diet in order to remain healthy.While these needs can be temporary, they can also be permanent, requiring people to use supplements throughout their lives. Normal, healthy people can get all the nutrients they need from the food they eat. Unfortunately, not everyone is as healthy as they would like to be. For the reasons discussed above, many people need to take dietary supplements. Obviously, this should be done under the guidance of a competent physician. Market Target The target market of the BASE supplement can be anybody who needs vitamins to consume.Because many entrepreneurs see that the target market group really has high purchasing power to purchase the product and base on their common need. Consequently, this target market group really concern about their health and beauty, skin and body shape. In add ition, a certain groups at risk of deficiencies should use supplements can divided as following below All pregnant and breastfeeding women should take vitamin D supplements women trying to conceive and women in the first educe their child's risk of neural tube defects such as spine biffed. ? People aged 65 and over should take vitamin D supplements People with darker skin and people who are not exposed too much sun should take vitamin D supplements All children aged six months to five years should be given a supplement containing vitamins A, C and D Figure 1 – Vitamins needs Diagram Product and Service Design SF is a method for developing a design quality aimed at satisfying the consumer and then translating the consumer's demand into design targets and major quality assurance points to be used throughout the production phase.Our group will take the random population to find out the voice of customer for the Candy Supplement product, by use the interview method and questionna ire method to collect the data. As a result, the voice of customer for the BASE Supplement product is different because the need of customer is base on their personal need. We can identify as below table: Figure 2 – Personal need Diagram Product Layout The top of BASE Candy Box BASE candy 3. 2 g. Egg. 2 CM Inside of Package included 30 seeds of 12 CM.Front Cover of the Packaging of BASE Candy Supplement Figure 3 – Product and Packaging Design Marketing Program Product Strategy Product Line- BASE candy supplement is available in 3 kind of flavor. The three are (1) Candy created for people who are use for support other remainder on the body of people. Consequently, the BASE candy included many benefit such as -Good Health -White Skin -Fresh -Burn Calorie Packaging- the BASE Candy packaging made from cardboard paper.Price Strategy the BASE (Beauty, Strong, Easy (consume)) price is 490 baht per 30 seed. That price has a little bit high cost, because if the company set the price more than 500 baht as a exult, the customer will change their mind and change to buy other product. Promotion Strategy actually we have two promotions, key promotions are member promotion and buying promotion. Member Promotion – The customer should register and pay annual fee for BASE Supplement's company member card in order to get discount 5 % of products. The loyal customer of BASE Supplement's company will get discount 10 % of products. Buying Promotion -Promotion per monthly and per year -Customer buying two box set of product, the company will give discount coupons for using the next time (depends on company's policy) Place (Distribution) Strategy -The BASE supplement product will was distributed in Drug store, and sale in malls around Thailand. – The BASE supplement product distributed on company's website. The BASE supplement product will launch by social network such as Backbone, Mainstream, and Twitter. It is more convenient to customer that they cannot go to buy the product at drug store or far. They choose goods and payment such as credit card, application on mobile etc. Moreover the website have pictures and clips of The BASE Supplement in order to customer determine and confident in supplementary food. Then the company will send parcel post to the buyer's address.SOOT Analysis in the company Strengths: * It's the herbal candy to eat without water * It's durable and beautiful packaging format * It can use in every generations * Low sugar * Many benefits * Easy to buy * Can keep a long time Weakness: * Diversity of competitors * Expensive for child * No advertising reach consumers * Health concern trend * Weight control trend * Popularity * High quality * Growth economic * Government support about health care Threats: * Some materials hard to find * Is a business that high investment Product Process Misunderstanding's formula (no color added.Free of preservatives)' There are several types of herbs. Can use as needed such as Okra , chrysanthemum, licorice, ginger, lemon, orange, coca, panda, Stateliness, berry, cherry, quince, etc.. Candy and good quality be directly produced from herbs. Without the use of synthetic fragrances and colors. This may be harmful to consumers. How to prepare the herbs. Each type uses a different method to get out. Here are split into 2 groups. First Grouchiest use dry flowers and fruits. The group spent part of the trunk, such as okra, liquorices, chrysanthemum, ginger etc. Principles used herbal preparations.Boiled it slowly may be used 1 part herbs immigrated 1 part boil gently until get water, test, smell, color, and other properties of the herbs tried stew to the most concentrated. Concentrated herbs that can be used to produce candies herbs taste. Need to do day to day. Because herbal concentrates stored for up to one day, if not lose them. If you need to keep them long times may be frozen in the refrigerator. Herbal that we get should be filtered to clean sludge and sedimen t. Second Groups which use water form fruit such as Citrus, Orangeades group to reserve the natural quality of the nutrients and vitamins in it.Can not to boil it. Candy production process 1 . Boiled water to boil, Then immediately reduce the heat to slowly pour the sugar into the melted slowly stir the fire is now very weak. If a gas flame to fade to a minimum. If the electric power to almost boiling temperature is to use the heat to very low. If you use high heat to burn sugar. 2. Later sugar melts. Glucose syrup is added to stirring gently until well combined. Final concentration was added to the herbs. Beat together well when it is put into the water at first to be almost completely evaporated.I think the water evaporates. Quickly pour this mixture into the mold immediately. Forms designed to remove them. Dry and hard candy to come out easily. Hard candies that will be long. Need to use chainsaws or saws to cut bread. Cut out the candy pieces are cut to size as needed. For multi ple years, the cans should be storage with the lid closed. Improving formulations If you want to cool with the addition of menthol to about 0. 1-1% along with the herbs. Cooling effects of menthol taste is a bit transparent. Elf the concentration of flavors. Citric acid may be added to the 0. %.

Defending the poem

During the m that Phillip Sydney wrote, the appeal of meter was st wileistic productioning to lose its footing for several(prenominal) speculative reasons. First, in the 16th century, a few learned individuals were beginning to sprightliness for prose, the hear direct. Also, some poets were using the empyrean lyric and verse of rhyme to make come forward and thus far jest with genius a nonher(prenominal) in ways that the general reality could non visualize. Fin aloney, the original target of rhyme had been lost that being a worthful type of oral history, originally in song form. M whatsoever simply byword verse as a unsubstantial art. For this reason, Sydney writes his Apology for Poetry.The diction of the es assign suggests a satiricalal wit about Sydney which has raised(a) a few eyebrows as to the intent of the work. Is Sydney def expiry or indicting poetry, an art form to which he had dedicated lots of his emotional state? Sydneys essays seem to point to a exculpation, as the title suggest, with a excellent dose of self-deprecating humor tossed in to portion out it that edge of doubt.Similar essay Platos Attack on PoetryFirst, Sydney is moved by the loquacious John Pietro Pugliano to consider the conceitedness to which people afford themselves and their own activities. This razz on horses spawns in Sydney, the recognition that he could, and should, give the same admiration to poetry And yet I must say that, as I bewilder respectable cause to make a pitiable defense of poor poetry, which from almost the highest devotion of schooling is fallen to be the laughing-stock of children, so have I need to process some more available proofs.He begins his defense by taking the lector on a walk through history whereby he points out that all great civilizations have a plentiful basis of poetry. He comp bes poetry as the start light-giver to ignorance and the first keep, whose milk by little and little enabled them to feed later of tougher knowledge. To insult poetry and poets, he says, is to flavor the face of those that have given them life.In devising this proof he gives several examples. He argues that the Italians much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as Dante Boccaccio and Petrarch used language in a way that support them in their quest to be a treasure-house of science as did the English custody Gower and Chaucer you developed art and beauty by poetry. He goes on to tubercle that that the revered philosophy of the Greeks were first words from the pens of poets and cites Empedocles, Parmenides, Pythagoras, Phocylcides and former(a)s as proof of this assertion. This did so notably visualise itself, that the philosophers of Greece durst not a long time appear to the public notwithstanding under the masks of poets. He pull down notes that ignorant and barbaric people had one shred of decency, that being the poetry of their songs. Sydney concludes this stock by noting that So that truly uncom plete philosopher nor historiographer could at the first have entered into the gates of popular judgments, if they had not interpreted a great passport of poetry.From there, Sydney moves to give his definition of poetry which he calls an art of imitation Poesy, therefore, is an art of imitation,that is to say, a representing, counterfeiting, or figuring forth to speak metaphorically, a speaking picture, with this end,to teach and delight. He gives terzetto distinct divisions of this end goal. The first is to inspire divinity. He gives Biblical support for this aim Such were David in his Psalms Solomon in his Song of Songs, in his Ecclesiastes and Proverbs Moses and Deborah in their Hymns and the source of Job. The second classification is to make with philosophical matters either moral, as Tyrtus, Phocylides, and Cato or natural, as Lucretius and Virgils Georgics or astronomical, as Manilius and Pontanus or historical, as Lu gutter which who mislike, the fault is in their judg ment quite out of taste, and not in the sweet food of sweetly uttered knowledge. He is quick to note that even if these great thinkers are false, they are so far gaining knowledge.Finally, his third distinction is the men who make imitations of individuals and themes that should be simulated. Sydney asks that the reader mull over whether the perfect lover, constant friend, valiant composition or just prince could ever equal other than in poetry. In Sydneys words, These verses allows for people to read and to aspire. For these third be they which most properly do imitate to teach and delight and to imitate draw nothing of what is, hath been, or shall be however range, only reined with learned discretion, into the divine servant of what may be and should be.Sydney ends this portion of his defense of poetry by noting that So that the ending end of all earthly learning being virtuous action, those skills that most arrange to bring forth that have a most just title to be prince s over all the rest wherein, if we freighter show, the poet is worthy to have it before any other competitors. To him, the poet is an indispensable part of the universe of history, art, beauty and soldierykind.In his next section, Sydney compares the poet to the historian and the philosopher. here he notes that the poet is the perfect blend of twain thus continuing to truly curb poetry. He notes that the historian merchant ship show people the true and exact picture, but questions whether that is really what the people deprivation to see. consequently he notes that philosophers cover in such abstractions that nobody can really understand what they are saying. Sydney argues that the philosopher teacheth, but he teacheth obscurely, so as the learned only can understand him that is to say, he teacheth them that are already taught and that, likewise, the better of the historian is subject to the poet. Thus, he places the position of the poet over them both.Next, Sydney takes a witty look at what types of poetry could be found lacking with some of these individuals. He proposes that they dislike the pastoral for its simple plain views, but satirically counters that sometimes, under the bonny tales of wolves and sheep, can include the whole considerations of wrong-doing and patience. He similarly examines lyric, iambic, comic, satiric, and heroic poetry, finding in each a reason for their prevalence.Sydney continues his satiric swat at these poet haters by intending to issue why, exactly, they hate poetry. He decides that they seek panegyric by insulting others and wittily offers that the best way to do this is actually through poetry. His insulters offer four arguments against poetry which Sydney humorously defends, as if they were not much to deal with in the first place. They areo that there being many other more fruitful knowledge, a man might better spend his time in them than in this.o that it poetryis the mother of lies.o that it is the nurse of abuse, infecting us with many pestilent desireso that Plato banished them out of his CommonwealthSydney categorically addresses each.To the first he says that no learning is so good as that which teacheth and moveth to virtue, and poetry leads to both. To the second argument he asserts that they historians, philosophers, doctors, etc should be the principal liars, noting the frequent mistakes make in medicine, astronomy and the like. To the third argument, he argues that many other things abuse equally, or more so, than poetry. He asks the following serial publication of rhetorical questions in responseDoth not knowledge of law, whose end is to even and indemnify all things, being abused, grow the asymmetric fosterer of horrible injuries? Doth not, to go in the highest, Gods word abused continue heresy, and his name abused become swearing?These lines show that any good fundament can be abused and can be used to abuse. It is the people that abuse, not the poetry. Finally, he allows that he has great prize for Plato, but notes that philosophers naturally hate poets and that banishing Plato from the demesne may not have been such a bad thing aft(prenominal) all.Sydney ends his defense of poetry by screening the nay-sayers what exit happen in a world without poetryBut iffie of such a butyou be natural so near the dull-making cataract of Nilus, that you cannot hear the planet-like music of poetry if you have so earth-creeping a mind that it cannot lift itself up to look to the sky of poetry, or rather, by a certain rustical disdain, will become such a mome, as to be a Momus of poetry then, though I will not wish unto you the ass ears of Midas, nor to be driven by a poets verses, as Bubonax was, to hang himself nor to be gibe to death, as is said to be done in Ireland yet thus much curse I must trust you in the behalf of all poetsthat while you follow in love, and never get privilege for lacking skill of a sonnet and when you die, your memory di e from the earth for want of an epitaph.Even though Sydney uses satirical wit, humor and even a bit of self-deprecation, he is still adamantly defending the art of poetry now and throughout time.