Mule killers Essays

Donkey executioners Essays Donkey executioners Essay Donkey executioners Essay It is extremely certain that the storytellers father is exceptionally infantile; he basically doesnt comprehend that Eula doesnt like him, and that he will never wed her. He doesnt understand the reality of the young ladies pregnancy, it appears as though he might suspect its only an illness thatll vanish once more. Likewise, he doesnt comprehend why his dad cries and asks. First when he is an elderly person, he understands why his dad cried. At long last the dad and child are together picking asparagus in what used to be the storytellers moms garden. She is currently dead, and nothing has developed in the nursery since she kicked the bucket. It is clear: he more likely than not hitched the exhausting young lady; for what other reason would they be in her nursery? At the point when the mother lived, the nursery was loaded up with wonderful blossoms and herbs, presently it is a major wild. As said before the dad was silly at eighteen years old. He was youthful and he didnt comprehend the reason for his activities. Obviously he has gotten increasingly experienced and adult through the next years, however first at long last he concedes who his dad truly sobbed for that night. The subject in the story is completely solitary love and its outcomes. The storytellers father never gets what he wants; he should manage the subsequent best. Eula was detracted from him, and Orphan was detracted from him as well, he needed to pass on in light of the mechanical advancement. At long last he even lost his significant other. Text 4, the sonnet To His Lost Lover really depicts the dads life well. The sonnet is about a man who lost his affection, and he never satisfied his desires with his adoration. We dont know whether she kicked the bucket or on the off chance that she left him, however in the two cases it coordinates the dads life: he never had Eula, yet he dreamed about them doing things together and getting hitched. As said previously, he lost Orphan as well, who he cherished particularly to be sure, and afterward at long last he lost his significant other. The story doesnt advise whether he figured out how to adore the mother of his child, yet he most likely did. She was all he had throughout everyday life, and as he became more established and increasingly develop, he most likely figured out how to value her, and when he at long last discovered that, she kicked the bucket. So he has had a few lost darlings through time. Another topic is the change from youngster to grown-up. Youngsters are no longer kids, and not yet grown-ups. They dont have the honesty of a youngster, and they dont have the experience of a grown-up. In the adolescent years the blamelessness and experience meet, and the young person makes their own character. This is portrayed very well in William Blakes sonnet The Ecchoing Green from 1789. The initial two sections depict the guiltlessness of adolescence. Youngsters are playing on the green, the sun is rising, the joyful chimes ring, the feathered creatures sing praise and the elderly individuals are chuckling it is all ideal.

Adolescent (In)vulnerability by Marilyn Jacobs Essay

Teenagers are regularly seen in a negative light that portrays them as daring individuals, nonsensical chiefs, and defenseless against threats. The legitimacy of the above explanation is demonstrated valid by the companion investigated diary article entitled Adolescent (In)vulnerability by Marilyn Jacobs Quadrel, Baruch Fischhoff, and Wendy Davis. The article uncovers the aftereffects of three gatherings that were addressed on their impression of how likely they may encounter various dangers. The subjects incorporated a scope of people from various financial status, for example, working class grown-ups with their young kids and high-hazard teenagers getting treatment for various finding. A portion of the dangers included car crashes, undesirable pregnancies, liquor addiction, being a survivor of a robbing, and getting wiped out from different components, for example, air contamination or toxic substance. The outcomes show that the entirety of the subjects feel that they would confron t less hazard in contrast with others. See progressively: Basic Economic issue of Scarcity Essay The assessment of relative immunity was about the equivalent for the young people and the grown-ups. Boththe young people and their folks concur that the guardians are less powerless against explicit dangers. The examination uncovers that there is a slight distinction in the manner young people and grown-ups think when they are confronted with settling on a choice. One enormous issue is that young people might be seen as bumbling to settle on a choice which could prompt their privileges being denied and wrongly diagnosing the genuine establishment of their hazard practices. The investigation infers that one clarification for why youths face incredible challenges is on the grounds that they think little of the probability that a negative result will happen to them. In spite of the fact that teenagers have mindfulness that dangers are included, they additionally have false impressions of dangers related with specific practices that differ because of the young people financial status. By and large, the investigation shows that there isn't sufficient help to demonstrate that apparent immunity is generally present during youth, yet proof is available to finish up grown-ups consistently show insusceptibility. While assessing ones hazard, the mental procedure for all ages are comparative and one-sided which prompts the aftereffect of ones conviction as less powerless in contrast with another person. Blemishes show up in each examination in view of various factors, for example, the members or their condition. One blemish of this investigation might be the part of time pressures made by the subjects that may vary in a genuine circumstance. A second flaw of the examination is pressure from peers isn't represented and is neglectful of social sponsorship. This blemish is significant in light of the fact that companion pressure is a gigantic piece of teenagers taking part in less secure conduct. Proof is uncovered that youngsters are bound to draw in or participate in more hazardous practices without predicting the outcomes when in a gathering or encompassed by associates. A subsequent report to this one that would endeavor to destroy a significant defect is study both the young people and grown-ups when in a gathering or a companion setting. The outcomes may be diverse because of companion pressure and the longing to be well known or fit in. Two conversation addresses that incited from the perusing of the diary article are: 1. Should the lawful savoring age the U.S. be brought down to 18? Are multi year olds ready to buy and expend liquor mindfully? 2. Should contraception be accessible to youngsters without parental assent? Would access to anti-conception medication forestall or bring down the pace of undesirable adolescent pregnancies? I accept that this investigation presents numerous significant parts of the similitudes and contrasts among young people and grown-ups with regards to settling on a choice and being seen as defenseless against a hazard. I concur that people have a confounded consciousness of ones powerlessness to dangers in contrast w ith companions, relatives and outsiders. In view of individual experience, I trust I was increasingly disposed to be imprudent and unreasonable as a youthful contrasted with my present age.

Diary of an All-nighter

Diary of an All-nighter So…Im not sure exactly where September went, but in plain English: school got harder. Were in rough terrain first wave of exams, or in my case, reviews (as you will see), etc. Apparently, there is a sophomore slump for college students i.e. performance drops compared to freshman year due to a lack of motivation…or something. But I don’t think it’s a motivation issue here. There’s just actually more work (especially courses in your major) â€" and more pressure to be uh, mature and serious. (Also: I’ve had to accept the fact that at MIT, there’s only freshmen and upperclassmen. Well…I’m not freshman no mo’…so… TIME TO GROW UP.) I’ve had a few late nights every week since school started, involving going to the architecture studio sometime during the day/evening and leaving somewhere between 1 and 3 AM. Weeeeee. But this past Wednesday was the first “final review” of the semester â€" which means everybody presents their design projects and the professor and TAs critique them…and which also means an all-nighter. Since I knew it was going to happen, I brought along my camera to document things…(brief preface: the first project is about using folding operations to construct a bridge) [Getting started] Ive got a variety of beverage options: (OJ, vanilla frapp, water, or Elmer’s???) [~7PM] So I rushed to the art supply store to buy materials that I didnt end up usingoops. And it was rainingand the boards were almost my sizeand I took the bus; that was interesting. [1:43 AM] Emily and Justin debating What is architecture, really [2:07 AM] Xenia and Nicole testing their bridges on the site model. (Still in good spirits, apparently!) [5:46 AM] A Shakira playlist starts blasting…Anyways, theres fatigue, but also anticipation to see everything come together. [7:00 AM] Finally getting started on the drawings… [9:08 AM] Bridge…done… drawing done… time to go home…yayyy. Note the skylight it is actually morning! :) (Clearly, I did not attend the 9AM class.) [Sidestory: I called my mom sometime after the review, because I’ve been neglecting certain parts of real (read: non-studio) life for a while…and she said something like, Why don’t you just manage your time better and make decisions quicker so you can finish quicker and go to sleep? and I’m just like, yo, mom, that’s not how it works…there’s always something to redesign/fix… but she just told me to drop everything and sleep.] This type of architecture studio course, which demands some late nights every week, and some all-nighters every semester, is no doubt a requisite to Course 4. While I love having my little home away from home away from home, it is pretty isolating in a way. I’m always away from my dorm, where the spontaneous greatness happens. My suitemates have joked about, for instance, saying hi/bye to me for a week. At the same time, studio bonding is pretty amazing â€" I would definitely go crazy if I had to work till 9 AM, alone. So a goal of this year is definitely striking that magical balance â€" and NOT neglecting things/peoplelikemom. In other news, I’m taking 4.75 classes. So thats, 3 architecture classes: 4.112 (the studio), 4.401(building technology, where you learn …you know, the practical sides of architecture like foundations and insulation and all that), 4.500 (design computing, where you learn digital fabrication and autoCAD â€" the ultimate time warp). I’m also taking 21F.107 Chinese I Streamlined, meaning Chinese for native speakers who can’t really read or write. To complete the repertoire, I’ve got 15.668 People and Organizations, a 9-credit class in the lovely new MIT Sloan School of Management building. (Fun fact: we have a food fund for this class â€" yay healthy snacks.) Oh yea, also!! I’m taking P.E. Stress Management. HAHA. Best class ever. We discuss how much sleep we’re getting/not getting/how there seems to be a competitive energy at MIT to be the most hardcore and not sleep (Which I do believe is trueas evidenced by this postx_x). But the best part! We almost always end with a 6-minute “relaxation/yoga” segment, during which I essentially take one nap and dream two dreams. Yay lifeeeeeeeeee. How is everyone else doing this autumnnn.

Essay Women in Islam - 807 Words

In my research paper, I will try to argue that the way that Muslim extremists treat women in Islam, couldn’t be further away than what the Islam preaches. Misinformation and misconception about Muslim women is the main reasons why so many Westerner’s have the picture of Islam, especially in America, associated it with bad images of oppressed women hiding in their hijab,, or walking behind their husbands. What does Islam say about women and their right’s. Do Islamic countries follow Islamic teaching when dealing with women’s issues? Beliefs about how Muslim women are treated and blame the religion instead of the culture from which they came from. I hope that instead of falling into the typical stereotypes and cultural innovation, the†¦show more content†¦The men will take excerpts completely out of context and use this to justify the maltreatment. This has been a growing problem within the culture and women still to this day are going without the ir basic rights for education and kjklfjdkl. husbands, and or family for the sake of religion. oppressed by their husbands or family for the sake of religion. Many of those extremists argue that this is the direct word of God and I intend to prove that it’s not. I believe that in order to understand true Islam, we need to go back to the root’s and study the original teaching and apply that to today’s society. American’s and other westerners think that Muslim women are forced into the dress code of covering from top to bottom, but most of the Muslim women who dress in the traditional hijab, choose this because they feel so liberated, and quite often, it’s a personal choice according to their own convictions. What is the Koran and when was it first revealed? The Koran is the sacred text of Islam, divided into 114 chapters: revered as the word of God, dictated to Muhammad by the archangel Gabriel, and accepted as the foundation of Islamic law, religion, culture, and politics. This book encompasses any problem a Muslim faced from the time of it’s revelation 1400 years ago until the end of time; still remainsShow MoreRelatedThe Roles Of Women s Islam2106 Words   |  9 PagesThe role of women in Islam is not easily defined. Muslim women today are struggling to deal with the stereotypes and misconceptions associated with the role of women in Islam. The Qur’an and the practice of the Prophet Muhammad recognize the different functions of women and mutually support both roles of men and women. The Qur’an encourages a fair, balanced social and family life. While the Western society consider Islam an â€Å"oppressive religion† with regard to women, Muslim women point out the freedomRead MoreThe Misconceptions About Women in Islam Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesThe Misconceptions About Women in Islam While people in the west think that women in Islam are oppressed, they do not know that Islam liberated women from oppression. There are many people who have opinions about the religion of Islam, but mostly about the women who follow it. Westerners have this idea that women in Islam are disrespected, mistreated and oppressed. In actuality, these allegations are incorrect. Women in Islam have rights and are not oppressed. The veil is widely misunderstoodRead More Western Views of Women in Islam Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pagesof the biased views Westerners often take when it comes to women in Islam. Because of the portrayal of women in the Arab world through pop-culture and the media, some Westerners may believe that Islam creates a society in need of modernity. The concepts of religious government are also foreign to the Western world. Feminists often focus on the practice of veiling women in Islamic tradition as a law made to minimize the importance of women as citizens. It i s important for us to recognize where ourRead MoreEssay about The Status of Women in Islam2807 Words   |  12 PagesIndian society so that such heinous crimes against women can be prevented. However, the aforesaid incident is only one among many hundred other such crimes happening everyday in almost every corner of the globe. Many such incidents of crime are either suppressed or do not come to limelight. The following analysis is a humble attempt to deal with the status of women (especially in Islam) in a globalized world. The discourse on the status of women and their struggle for liberation in the society andRead MoreRole of Women in Islam Past and Present3043 Words   |  13 Pagesis: Role of Women in Islam Past and Present In this paper I will argue that the position of women in Islam according to the Qur an and Hadiths (tradition) of the Prophet differs vastly from Islam in practice, currentely. It is not the Islamic ideologies that determine the position of women in the Islamic societies; it is rather the pre-Islamic patriarchal ideologies existing in a particular society, combined with the lack of education and ignorance, which construct the Muslim women s positionRead MoreWhat Women and Islam Have in Common Essay591 Words   |  3 PagesWhat Women and Islam Have in Common What do women and Islam have in common? Besides the stereotyped images that each suffers from individually, the status of women in Islam is one of the most extremely misunderstood and incorrectly portrayed things in western society. We can investigate why this is so later. First, a brief introduction to the actual status of women in Islam is in order. Before discussing issues pertinent to the social status of women, consider the original creation of theRead MoreWomen, Not Islam?1581 Words   |  7 Pageswomen, not Islam. The idea of a woman needing a male guardian to leave their home is one of the more popularly discussed aspect of some societies that have a population that consists mostly of Muslims, for example Saudi Arabia. This assumption stems from, â€Å"Men are protectors and maintainers of women, because Allah has given one the more (strength) than the other and because they support them from their means†¦(Qur’an 4:34). Another verse used to justify male guardianship is â€Å" Oh, wives...abide inRead MoreMuslim Women Essay943 Words   |  4 Pagesmisconceptions directed solely at Muslim women. In this essay, I will discuss the issue of Muslim women and some of the ways in which their reality contradicts the common media representations of women in that area. The first common media representation of Muslim women that I will dispel is that they have no rights. In fact, long before Western women even realized they were lacking in rights, Muslim women already had both cultural and spiritual rights (as cited in Arab Women: Potentials and Prospects, nRead MoreMuslim Women: Treated With Oppression Or Fairness?. When1429 Words   |  6 PagesMuslim Women: Treated With Oppression or Fairness? When I mention Islam, I am discussing its way of life, a concept that encompasses every aspect of one’s life from beginning to end. Islam, the newest and second largest faith, influences many parts of this earth as we discussed in class. Originating in the Arabian Desert, the religion is based on one book, The Holy Quran, the final word of Allah. Prophet Muhammed, in Islam, was the last messenger of God. His life is one that Muslims should followRead MoreIslamic Freedom Of Choice Under The Islamic Charter940 Words   |  4 PagesIslamic feminism can be defined as women who advocate for their rights, gender equality, and social norms under the framework of Islam. Rooted in Islam, the movement’s pioneers have also utilized secular, Western, or otherwise non-Muslim feminist discourses. Advocates in the movement seek to highlight the deeply rooted teachings of equality in religion and encourage a questioning of the patriarchal interpretation of Islamic teaching through the Qur an, hadith and sharia towards the creation of a

Definition and Evaluation of Holistic Grading

Holistic grading is a method of evaluating a composition based on its overall quality. Also known as  global grading, single-impression scoring, and impressionistic grading. Developed by the Educational Testing Service, holistic grading is often used in large-scale assessments, such as college placement tests. Graders are expected to make judgments based on criteria that have been agreed upon before the start of an evaluation session. Contrast with analytic grading. Holistic grading is useful as a time-saving approach, but it does not provide students with detailed feedback. Observations Teachers who practice holistic grading refuse to break down a students essay into separate problems like punctuation and paragraphing, but base their grade on their immediate sense of the whole derived from a deliberately nonanalytical reading.(Peggy Rosenthal, Words and Values: Some Leading Words and Where They Lead Us. Oxford University Press, 1984)Holistic Grading and Peer ReviewIf the speed of grading is more important than detailed feedback, then  holistic grading is  more appropriate; it just means less feedback for the writer. Pairs or small groups can also evaluate one anothers work using this rubric. Called peer review, it gives them practice in evaluation, helps them internalize the criteria, and relieves you of the burden of grading.(Nancy Burkhalter,  Critical Thinking Now: Practical Teaching Methods for Classrooms Around the World.  Rowman Littlefield,  2016)Inductive Holistic Grading[Holistic grading] is relatively quick, efficient, reliable, and fair when ba cked by instructor experience, practice, and familiarity with the student performance range at the institution. In addition, it easily accommodates essays and assignments that demand higher-order thinking and have multiple respectable responses.With inductive holistic grading, which is suitable for small classes, you read quickly through all the responses or papers, rank each above or below the ones you have already read, from best to worst, and then group them for assigning grades. Finally, you write up descriptions of the quality of each group and then give them to students when you return their work. To personalize the feedback, you can add comments to each students sheet or highlight the most applicable parts of the appropriate description.(Linda B. Nilson, Teaching at Its Best: A Research-Based Resource for College Instructors, 3rd ed. Jossey-Bass, 2010)Advantages and Disadvantages of Holistic Grading- An advantage to holistic grading is that graders can evaluate many papers in a short span of time because they do not comment on or correct the students work. Advocates of this method also propose that it makes grading more objective, since students names do not appear on the papers and since the rater may not have had the student in a class . . ..Critics of the method have questioned its validity and reliability, arguing that holistic ratings are swayed by superficial factors such as length and appearance of an essay, that holistic ratings cannot be generalized beyond the group that designed the criteria for judgment, and that the agreed-upon criteria can limit the readers views on the merits of the writing they are evaluating . . ..(Edith Babin and Kimberly Harrison, Contemporary Composition Studies: A Guide to Theorists and Terms. Greenwood Press, 1999)- [H]olistic grading is  probably not the best tactic, even if it seems the easiest and quickest. Assigning a single score, grade, or judgment leaves the student unsure about both quality and content. On e simple approach is to give a composition one grade for content coverage and a separate grade for writing quality.(Robert C. Calfee and Roxanne Greitz Miller, Best Practices in Writing Assessment for Instruction.  Best Practices in Writing Instruction, 2nd ed., edited by  Steve Graham et al. Guilford Press, 2013)Holistic RubricsHolistic rubrics are the quickest way to score papers in any content area, requiring a teacher to read a paper only once. Teachers can develop rubrics by basing them on the content theyve taught and practiced; assess papers based on established criteria agreed upon by students and teachers; and give a single holistic score that indicates the quality level of the writing, ranging from deficient to competent to outstanding.(Vicki Urquhart and Monette McIver, Teaching Writing in the Content Areas. ASCD, 2005)

Most criminologists use a legal definition of crime Free Essays

string(47) " also affect criminal rate of a certain place\." Crime is an action or an instance of negligence that is deemed injurious to the public welfare or morals or to the interests of the state and that is legally prohibited. It is a criminal activity that engaged in fights and riots. These definitions connote negative impact to crime and as what it always does to human minds. We will write a custom essay sample on Most criminologists use a legal definition of crime or any similar topic only for you Order Now Stereotyping will always apply every time people encounter the word crime as dangerous, harmful and destructive to humankind and the state. Sociologists define it as deviant act, non-conforming to society’s standard and violating all the rules that the state set up. Thus every act that does not conforms or follows the society’s standards are all considered crime and doers are criminals. Simple violations like way walking, loitering, over speeding, and making noise that disturbs the public are all considered crimes because it violates the society’s rules. To the extent that simple offender will easily be judge as criminal, thus given sanction and punished before the law, no matter how big or small the case was, as long as he/she committed violations punishment, is still given to him/her. Human law or society set standard are said to be righteous thus to be tag on and respected by all. All human kinds are abided to conform the said rules and standard. Acts, which are not set as correct by the state standards, are all crime and sin according to society’s laws. Violators of such are therefore tagged as criminal and thus sin committers. Every rules have corresponding sanctions, thus violators are subject to punishment base on how destructive and offensive the crime may be to people and to the state. Not all people in a state or society are all aware the rules to abide in their respective society. Many were punished without knowing what offenses they are committing or what violation they do. In addition, many are not conscious to policy and sanctions to the said laws. Thus, offenders effortlessly surrender their selves to avoid any possible trouble of non-conformance. With these, Australia New Zealand Policing Support Agency (ANZPSA) was established to give policy support, strategic advice, research, knowledge management and information giving out capacity across jurisdictions. This represents a momentous change in approach that involves the union of functions. An implementation team has been established too to commence the practical arrangements for the creation of the new organization. This agency was created to investigate possible causes of offenses, and possibly give massive information on how to avoid and handle crimes that may occur. This includes, thorough analysis of a certain case, its implications and root cause why such crime/offenses arise. There are many crimes reported everyday throughout the country. Each one needs a kin and careful investigation because authority cannot easily accuse the suspect as guilty without proper jurisdiction. Cases are being study, offenders are questioned; his/her family background, his/her status and the reason behind his offenses are also investigated. If suspect is proven guilty before the law, sanctions and punishments are given. This punishment varies from case to case bases, which are also set together with the rules and standard of a certain community. There are also violations that need not to punish right away. Offenders are usually given warnings or let be pay for a certain amount. Mostly are jaywalkers and loiterers. Crimes may vary from country to country, depending on how such country set its norm. According to National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS) U.S most common committed crimes are gang crime, hate crime, organized crime, property crime, trafficking in persons, public offenses and drug crime, (http://www.acpr.gov.au/). Drug crime as the most common offenses committed anywhere; cause so much damage that resulted to other related crimes. Drug and alcohol crime are offenses that involve many related crime doers. These include the user and the pusher. User may led to addiction which may caused him/her to do acts which are not set as standards to the society as a whole, like theft, rape, and robbery that resulted to public disturbance and destructions. Crime involving drugs is most rampant violation that every one encounters, because drugs is present anywhere people go. Most people have access to it; even young ones can afford to hand it due to simple and easy to have resources. The Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring program (ADAM) deals the level of drug and alcohol use in risky population of people. They are designed to investigate on how do arrestees use the drugs, how frequent they use how they obtain it and what push them to do so. These data’s are collected either thru personal interview with the arrestees and careful observations. Dosage of offenders’ intake is also measured thru test and urinalysis. Investigations always occur during the arrest and not later than 48 hours to make documentation for proper reporting and study to come up a correct and accurate report on what alcohol and drugs are commonly abused and the effect it cause to the user and to the public. Crime as a deviant behavior said to violate a prevailing norms especially cultural standard that dictates people on how to behave well and what someone should avoid to do, (Berger, 1963). This view consider the complicated facts surrounding the definition of crime and seeks to understand how changing social political, psychological and economic conditions may affect the current definition of crime and the form of legal law enforcement. Crime perception may change from time to time. This changes depends on the cultural shift of one society also, which affects the criminal statistics rates of the state as well. Socio-economic status of one place plays a role in crime rate also. For example, in a drastically losing its resources country/society may affect the attitude of the people to crave for food for living especially if there is scarcity of its supply in their respective community. Scarcity of jobs will also affect criminal rate of a certain place. You read "Most criminologists use a legal definition of crime" in category "Essay examples" Absence may lead people to commit some expected job-less related crime like theft and robbery. If one place is in famine or less job opportunities, it is expected that crime will also rise. On the other hand, if the state is in good economic standing, crime rate will also lessen. Economic change and cultural shift determines the allocation of resources for the enforcement of law, and influences public opinion. In addition, changes in criminal rate will also affect on how the public think and perceived crime. Such adjustments, allied with the experience of people in their everyday lives, shape attitude to the extent to which the law should be used to enforce any particular social norms. There are many ways that behavior can control without having to resort criminal justice system, in those cases where there were no clear consensus on the given norm. The use of the criminal law by the group of authority to prohibit a particular action maybe considered improper for the others. Crime as called deviant act will also have a corresponding punishments attach to it. Every person involve is given an equivalent sanction to the crime committed. In such a way that the said criminal be stop and further damage to the public and to the state can then be avoided, because the state or the authority believes that allowing any crime to occur without doing any action is just like letting harms to spread without any preventing or stopping device to control it. This process involves criminalisation, with the involvement of the state as the authority to control the said crimes. It is a crime reduction device restricting individual liberty to minimize harm to others. Though every citizen has the right to liberty but not all liberty is harm-free to others. Because hat maybe considered crime to the others may not be crime for the other party. Criminalisation may provide future harm reduction even after the occurrence of crime, assuming that those act are more likely to cause further damage in the future. Criminalisation is intended for the crime doers to pay their crime offenses to stop the act at the early stage to prevent and minimize criminals. In this case criminalisation is a way to set the reward that criminals must have after committing certain evil action that are considered threat to the peacefulness of the society as a whole. In addition; criminalisation can be viewed as a state sanctioned to the crime doers. Because I personally believed that once a person is not aware of his deeds, whether he/she already caused damage to the others will continuously patronage his/her action if not being reprimanded of his wrong doings. In this sense, sanctions must be something that could make evildoers awake then, if not he/she more likely to repeat the said action again and again. Crime rate is measured to determine the number or crime incidence happen in that particular place. In order to compare on what specific year and month that crime rate rise and fall, so that the public has the idea when to be more careful and not as well as to be more familiar with the places where crime rate is high. Countries and societies have different methods in measuring crime rate. Some used survey, personal interviews and sample sampling. In Australia, they use fact and figures to gather and determine the occurrence of crime, which come from a variety of sources. They use two types of collection data. Namely, administrative and survey method. Both types of information needed to help our comprehension of the level and effects of crime to the people and in the community. The sources they use with these issues are listed in the reference for future retrieval and comparison. Administrative collection for criminal justice agencies keep record of their work process and progress related to crime in different stages. Criminal cases are being divided into different agencies to handle with in order for it to be carefully tackle. In addition, public has the idea on what agency to look for in looking for a particular crime. For example police keep incidents record, court record the details of cases and their disposition and correction agencies have details of the offenders and their corresponding charges. Most crime information come from administrative collections which tackle the whole population that come into contact with the criminal justice system and remain stable in terms of data collection and sources for the long period of time. There are limitations on spreading of the said data, including comparison across agencies and jurisdictions. For example police record details about offenses, courts record cases and correction agencies for the information about individuals’ prisoners. Although improvement arises in workflow of the said data sources, data definitions and collecting method used are not always the same across jurisdiction and recording quality maybe vary. It takes time to come up with an agreement at a national level on the key issue including definitions of new and arising violations. More detailed and close likely to accurate information about crime and justice is often available at the jurisdictional level, even when it is not possible to come up with national statistics. Not all crime is reported to police. Thus not all crimes were record and collected information then. Unreported crimes usually occur at rural areas where people do not have enough access to authority. Minor crimes like theft, sexual assaults, and minor incidence are the usual crime that is most commonly unreported. Twenty percent of crime related to sexual assaults is believed to be unreported and almost ninety five percent for motor vehicle thefts incidence. This is the reason why other sources of data collection use the method of asking questions to the public in order to come up with the highest and lowest common answers. These answers are then recorded in a similarly uniform way so that the information they provide is reliable and comparable. Crime surveys are believed to produce more accurate vision of actual crime rate in a particular society. Although survey is said to be more accurate than the others there is still possibilities of error with regard of its percentage, due to small sample population involved. But percentage of errors is also being recorded in order to determine the error. Crime brought negative connotation to individuals’ perception and thinking, based on how the state or society label it as such also. The imposed and practice rules and regulation culturally embraced society, because society has its norms and standard to follow. Doing the opposite to the said norms is therefore considered deviant. Thus doers are labeled as shame to the family where she/he belongs and to the community as a whole. These are labeled as such because the society set it as such also, and the people therefore are obliged to observe and follow the norms being an occupant of the society. Therefore, people committing such deviant acts are subject to face and suffer before the law. The consistent problem has been to justify the society’s use of force to coerce with its law. Natural law theory posits that the standard of morality are derived from or constructed by the nature of the world or of human beings. Thomas Aquinas said: â€Å" the law and measure of human acts is the reason which is the first principle of human acts.†(http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/crime. Since people are by nature rational beings, it is morally appropriate that they should behave in a way that conforms to their rational being. Thus any law must conform to natural law and coercing people to conform to that law is morally acceptable. Every human actions deal always with morality. The problem may arise if ones moral act which is set his/her nature may not be moral to the others, which probably came from other society whose moral value are not the same. Thus crime may also result to. But in dealing with these issues both parties involve must understand and know each others moral value to compromise to possibly eradicate the arising trouble, as well as the authority who have the power to weigh and decide it all. Majority of natural law theorist accepts that the primary function of the law is to enforce the prevailing morality. The problem with this is that it makes any moral criticism, if conformity with natural law is necessary conditions for legal validity. It s always necessary for the existing law to be just and fair to all individuals in a society. Equal treatment and punishment must be given to offenders regardless of their ethnicity, status and socio-economic standing. The law may be acceptable but the use of state power to citizens to comply with that law is not morally justified. Crime may be characterized as the violation of individual rights. Since right are considered as natural and crime as a man-made labeling. Therefore crime is also natural. Perfect example for this is that man’s nature is to look for food for survival, and he must take some actions on how to get his/her basic needs. In remote areas for example most people get their food anywhere they want and with any method they knew. Some cultivate food in their own, using the land they found regardless of the ownership of the said land. Whether it owns by the state or by other people. With this scenario, in natural moral aspect the act is right and legal because the nature dictates man to have food to survive. On the other hand, human implemented law states that it is illegal and criminal because of using the land which is own by the other people. It is invasion of property if the society law calls it. In this case, the man, which is just doing things that is for him legal, will be hold and question by the state before the law. Natural theory therefore distinguishes between criminality, which is derived from human nature, and illegality, which is derived from the interest of those in power. This view leads to a seemingly paradox that an act can be illegal that is no crime, while criminal act could be perfectly legal. Reference: Books: Berger, Peter. (1963). Introduction to Sociology, Doubleday and Co., Inc. New York. Dostoevsky, Fryodor. (1981). Crime and Punishment, Bantam Books. New York. Feinberg, Joel. (1973). Social Philosophy, Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs. New Jersey. Halt, William. (1973). Social Control, Rinehart and Winston Inc. Forth Worth. Hess, Beth. (1976). Sociology, Prentice Hall. New York. Hudson, Helen. (1985). Criminal Trespass, G.P. Putnam’s sons. New York. Lerry G. Lao-Valdez. et.al. (2005). Introduction to Literature: A Book Of Reading†, Julbert Press. Department of English, College OF Arts Social Sciences, MSU,   IIT, Iligan   City. Sanchez, Custodiosa. (1997). Contemporary Social Problems and Issues, National Bookstores. Manila.    Internet: Australasian Centre for Policing Research (http://www.acpr.gov.au/) Australian Legal Information Institute (http://www.austlii.edu.au (legal resources Crime. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_in_Australia) Crime meaning. (http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/crime) Criminality. (http://www.crimelibrary.com) Law Enforcement Links http://www.leolinks.com/ (viewed 19 April 2006) National Criminal Justice reference Service (http://www.ncjrs.org)       How to cite Most criminologists use a legal definition of crime, Essay examples

Marcel Duchamp Pablo Picasso and Andy Warhole Essay Example For Students

Marcel Duchamp Pablo Picasso and Andy Warhole Essay The artistic exchange of ideas and influences can profoundly affect the art world- Explore this statement with reference to a range of artists and artworks. Artistic exchange is a conceptual idea involving the exchange of artistic methods, ideas, and other elements of an artists practice; and if an artist is a pioneer or an innovator, their ideas can resonate through exchange to transform the entire art world. Throughout the 20th Century the shaping of the art world came into play through ideas, expression, education and one result of this was the age of Modernism. There was much social ad political unrest sweeping through Europe, during the beginning of the twentieth century which contributed to the breaking of the traditional art barriers. The works of Pablo Picasso, Marcel Decamp and Andy Warhol strongly affected the art world with their individual yet diverse techniques and styles. These artists broke away from traditional art and its boundaries in order to exchange ideas and conventions regarding the aesthetics which opposed accepted societal standards. These ideas were profoundly influenced the art world. Marcel Duchesss art making practice was characterized by its humor, variety, the unconventionality of its media and its persistent exploration of arts boundaries. Decamp was involved with the avian-garden movements during the Modernist period, and as an iconoclast, he abandoned these artistic principles, with the aim of rejecting convention such as his distaste for art that was pleasing to the eye. Works exemplifying these beliefs include Bicycle Wheel (1913) and L. H. O. O. Q (1919) which caused controversy over their acceptance as art. Bicycle Wheel is a redeemed (a tool supporting an upside-down bicycle wheel) that Decamp has decentralized as well as displacing its original function, thereby transforming an industrial, mass produced object into a work of art. Duchesss art making approach could be considered satirical, as it often ridiculed the ideals established by society. L. H. O. O. Q is an altered postcard of the Mona Lisa that Decamp has satirized by drawing a moustache and goatee on the face of this iconic figure. This notion of defacing a Ad Vinci masterpiece was very shocking to the art world during the early 20th century, revoking controversy as it was not handmade, but redeemed and ridiculous, thereby questioning what really defined art. The avian-garden character of Duchesss work influenced the art world by encouraging the critical question of what constitutes art. The influence of Duchesss ideas an practice have been imprinted in many of the works of American modernist Andy Warhol. Whorls Campbell Soup Cans (1962) and Marilyn 1962 build on Duchesss concept of the redeemed and have inspired a genre of artworks that employ the techniques of reclassification and appropriation. As a leading artist of the sasss Pop Art movement, Warhol was revolutionary in his appropriation of popular culture. Whorls work explored the processes of silk screening, and for the first time was using assistants to produce artworks. The process of silk screening enabled Warhol to investigate mass- production techniques, which is evidenced in his work through his use of repetition, cropping, overprinting and the use of the grid. Warhol used a ready made image of Marilyn Monroe from a commercial publicity shot, and then altered this appropriated image. Warhol plays with reclassification in a similar fashion to Decamp. Warhol takes this idea further than simply rejecting past values by persuading the audience to question the relationship between culture and the media, and to define the sasss perception of celebrity. Whorls artworks mimic the processes and subject matter of mass production. This artwork signals a loss of individuality for Marilyn Monroe: she is a multiple and she is banal, yet Marilyn is symbolically a most potent American icon. .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84 , .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84 .postImageUrl , .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84 , .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84:hover , .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84:visited , .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84:active { border:0!important; } .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84:active , .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84 .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u62de42ed12eed61038fa7914ec201a84:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: African art affected the style and subject matter of the Cubist art movement EssayWhorls artworks, particularly portraits, are a social chronicle of the time. Whorls work titled Campbell Soup Cans(1962) also stems from the concept of appropriation and the redefining of context. Campbell Soup Cans appropriates images from popular American culture, exploring the idea of combining art and centralization. Warhol has used polymer paint and silkscreen ink on plywood to replicate the once mass-produced sales product. In making this decision, Warhol has consciously blurred the line between art and consumerism. This particular concept had a profound impact on the art world due to its disputed classification as art categorized by some as merchandise. The similarities between the thought processes of Marcel Decamp and Andy Warhol how a distinct exchange in artistic ideas, resulting in profound works which question the established standards of the art world. In exploring the evolution of these artists and their ideas, the profound impact and importance of artistic exchange becomes clear. Artworks by Pablo Picasso show a clear breach of artistic boundaries to form new ideas. One of the most important roles in the development of modern art was Cubism. The origins of cubism started off with one of the biggest paintings that he had ever done and featured five women, each whose head looked as if it was on backwards. The painting was named Less Demolishes Davidson (1907). The five women portrayed were very ugly and distorted; causing controversy with the audience because they believed that it should have been depicted realistically and professionally, rather than creating a mockery to art itself. Picasso had broken all the rules while creating this painting, but his main goal was to paint the women from more than one angle at a time, hoping that the audience saw more than what meets the eye. This work was heavily criticized by the art world but Picasso broke away from convention, for what he believed was art. What made Picasso different from other artists of his time was that his art reflected his emotions in his personal life and the outside world. He was not afraid to push the boundaries reflecting on contentious and controversial issues such as war and peace. One of the issues that he painted from the Spanish civil war depicts a military revolt against the Republican government of Spain; which had polarize Spanish life and politics over previous decades. In April 1937, Germans who sided with the current dictator of Spain at the time, General Francisco Franco, bombed the town of Queering in northeast Spain, not far from where Picasso grew up. More than sixteen hundred people were killed and almost nine hundred more were injured. Outraged by the murder of all these innocent people, Picasso created his famous, Queering (1937), in blue, black, and white oil tones. The painting portrayed the suffering of people, animals, and buildings and the chaos. It showed a screaming horse, a fallen soldier, and a screaming woman on fire falling from a burning house and a mother holding a dead baby. According to Picasso, it was not up to the painter to define the symbols; otherwise, he would have Just written it in words. Queering overall represented the brutality of war in general. Its significant because people actually had to think about the image that they saw, and each perceived it in a different way. Picasso style of painting led people to look deep into the meanings of art rather than Just a superficial aesthetics. The audience were able to relate to Picasso tormented scene. Artistic exchange is a phenomenal act that allows ideas ad techniques to be shared between the art world and the audience. By comparing Marcel Decamp, Andy Warhol and the work of Pablo Picasso one can see how a visionary can affect the art oral. .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f , .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f .postImageUrl , .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f , .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f:hover , .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f:visited , .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f:active { border:0!important; } .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f:active , .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2b87bd8c3b4dd12835da8d941627682f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Picasso And Perugino EssayThe many accomplishments of these artists not only impacted on the history of their time but the future of how the world saw art. They were involved in different movements in the art world which created a certain vitality for the artistic exchange of ideas and influences. The interchange of ideas and influences greatly affected Picasso , Decamp and Warhol , their artwork and their audiences. Artists shared artistic language allows them to build upon past concepts to produce innovative qualities which resonate through exchanges to greatly influence future generations of artists.

Warhol Essays - Andy Warhol, Pop Art, The Velvet Underground

Warhol The life and work of Andy Warhol has inspired many writers to tell of the artist's secrets in published writings. However, Carter Ratcliff accomplishes this feat in a unique fashion, profiling Warhol's work in Andy Warhol. A must-read for anybody interested in the origins of American Pop art, Ratcliff's book touches on all aspects of Warhol's work. Segmented chronologically, Ratcliff explains the influence and significance of select paintings, as well as sections devoted to Warhol's sketches, photographs, movies and notes on the techniques used by the artist. This format, combined with the inclusion of nearly 100 prints of paintings, is effective because a natural theme flows through the chronological ordering of the monograph. Some of the influences are obvious in Warhol's work. However, the cumulative effect of the artist's attempts is more easily understood through the chronological ordering of the pieces. The chronological ordering helps the reader understand what social or personal beliefs or conflicts the artist was dealing with pertaining to the given time period. For example, Warhol produced many pieces with singular subject matter displayed multiple times as in his Campbell's soup cans, Coca-Cola bottles and dollar signs, possibly just comforting symbols to Warhol as well as the American Pop Culture. Also, Ratcliff leads the reader on a journey through the details, effects and consequences of the work. The author also describes similarities in select Warhol pieces. The development of Warhol as an artist is easily understood using this format, as his work transforms from the playful character of Saturday's Popeye (Figure 1) to the realism of Skull or the political power of the Hammer and Sickle series. Andy Warhol takes a convincing and comprehensive look at the pursuits of the artist, basing observations on a plethora of sources. The information cited in each section is a cumulation of Ratcliff's investigation, interviews with Warhol and references to the writings of other critics. Basing his survey largely in the ideas of others, Ratcliff discovers little original information. Referring to such credible contacts as Robert Rosenblume's description of Julia Warhola [1], saying that Warhol's portrait of his mother breaks through the artists "aestheticism" to convincing emotion (Figure 2). Art critic Thomas Lawson's notion that Pop art has everything to do with nothing [2], or Warhol's own magazine article, Crazy Golden Slippers [3], are examples of the type of solid sources that the author utilizes in his work. The majority of Ratcliff's ideas originate elsewhere, however Ratcliff chose to use these many sources to support his own theories, drawing from established and accepted concepts to uphold his statements. The prize of Andy Warhol lies in the inclusion of the author's essay about the artist. Together with the effect of the many large prints, which comprise a majority of the body of the book, the essay enables the reader to learn about the artist and reflect on what may have been his intention for select works. To fully understand a work of art it is helpful to have some background information about the work and the artist. The author does a fantastic job of presenting this type information about the artist and his work. Warhol was obsessed with the idea of stardom, controversial works pertaining to popular culture and the use of images from every day life or symbols of such. Ratcliff, when compared to other writers who investigated Warhol, has an edge on the competition. Ratcliff not only describes the work itself, but also tells of the concept behind the art. Cantz' The Last Supper is at best a glorified picture show of the artist's work. The artist focuses on one series of paintings rather then on the entire portfolio.[4] Unseen Warhol is an in depth biography of Andy Warhol, not much attention is granted to the actual pieces of art.[5] Ratcliff's Andy Warhol fills the gap left by other writers. Ratcliff delivers a complete analysis of Warhol's work by explaining the concepts and ideas surrounding the work in an intensive manner. Ratcliff's thoughts on many of the pieces help to define the actual meaning or ideas of the work in a practical fashion. For example, the use of helium filled mylar, covered with foil in Silver Pillows (Figure 3) served as a way of making his paintings on the wall come to life and float away.[6] Drawing comparisons from the periods of Pre-Pop art, Pop art, and Post-Pop art, Ratcliff attempts to classify Warhol's work in Andy Warhol. Commercial art including the title page for In The Bottom of My Garden, album jackets commissioned by RCA, book jackets for New Directions and Warhol's

Huck Finn Essays (568 words) - Picaresque Novels, Huckleberry Finn

Huck Finn Essays (568 words) - Picaresque Novels, Huckleberry Finn Huck Finn In the book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Huck rejects sivilized life. He dreads the rules and conformities of society such as religion, school, and anything else that will eventually make him civilized. He feels cramped in his new surroundings at the Widow Douglass house. He would rather be in his old rags and sugar-hogshead because he was free and satisfied. He felt out of place when he tried being sivilized because he grew up fending for himself and to him it felt really lonely. Huck Finn grew up living in the woods and pretty much raised himself because his pap was a drunk. He never had a civilized lifestyle and he believed that his way of living was good enough for him. He was free to do what ever he liked and that is how he learned to live. He did not believe in school because all you need to know to live is not found in a book that you read at school. He believed that you learned by living out in the wild. Huck would rather be an individual than conform to society. Huck would rather follow his heart then his head and because of this Huck is ruled as a bad person because in society your suppose to use your head. Huck is being penalized for his beliefs and he does not want to be apart of a lifestyle that does not support his ways. For instance his choice not to turn in Jim shows that Huck understands why Jim is escaping. Huck sees Jim as a friend not as a slave and so he truly is able to see that societys way of treaty Jim is wrong. Huck is portrayed as a boy who sees life at face value and not by the set standards of the sivilized society. The rejection of the sivilized lifestyles shows that Huck does not agree with it rules. Because of this, he is able to see life from different perspectives. He can sympathize with all the class in society. He learns to figure out what is morally correct and wrong. Through out his journey down the river, Huck is able to learn more about himself and others. His adventures has taught him more than he will ever learn just by reading books. Huck is able to live a great life just by reacting to situations as they come along. Huck is better off not living a sivilized lifestyle because that is how he learns. Hucks rejection of a sivilized life can be seen as being rebellious, but as you read more and more about Hucks adventures, you come to the realization that this has helped Huck to become a well rounded person. Huck is a practical and realistic person who grows more and more as he deals with every situation he is put in, but during his time, it was not right for a child to be on his own because they are too young to know anything and they need guidance through school and religion. Even though Huck is young, he has learned a lot by reading and by self-study. Huck believes in being free so he can able to adjust to situations rather than living a set life. Huck learns without the help of school and other forms that will eventually make him sivilizedand he intends to keep it that way and therefore he runs away from the sivilized society. Huck learns from his actions and mistakes and not from others and that is how he grows mentally and physically. Bibliography running away from sivilized society

Yoga, Buddhism and Lao Tzu Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Yoga, Buddhism and Lao Tzu - Essay Example The raja yoga concerns itself mainly with the wellbeing of one’s mind, known as rsih through cultivation of the same mind whose wellbeing is the main concern. It uses a number of successive steps that include meditation and contemplation to deal with the fluctuations of the mind and how to master the fluctuations. For this reason, the relationship between the body and the mind must be put at ease in order to gain acceptance between the two. As a result, due to the required balance between the body and the mind, one must be in overall god health and psychological condition in prior to pursuance of inward yoga aspects for the mind to be at ease with the body. Therefore, raja yoga serves to control all ways of thought and mental modification in order to further one’s acceptance of reality and achieve liberation. The second form of yoga is the karma yoga, which is taken to mean the yoga of doing owing to its origins in Sanskrit. Karma refers to action while yoga is taken to mean union thus literally meaning the path of union through action and is, therefore, the process of achieving perfection through action. With this in mind, karma yoga is a form of yoga in which one is expected to align his or her actions, thoughts and will towards perfection (Wathen). This is done through action according to one’s sense of duty and without bias towards selfish desires or inclinations towards like and dislike. The third form of yoga according to Bhagavad Gita is the jinana yoga or the path of knowledge, where one is required to achieve knowledge of the absolute (Wathen). It also views the above named knowledge as a condition of devotion. The jinana yoga is aimed at attaining high levels of enlightenment in knowledge, in relation to reality, which is similar to the Karma and raja yoga. The fourth form of yoga is the bhakti yoga or the path of devotion that signifies active involvement by the devotee in divine worship, which relates to the jinana yoga of knowledge in that it calls for attainment of a union with the absolute, which is also characteristic of the karma yoga. The final is the hatha yoga, which is the preparatory stage of physical purification that the body practices for higher meditation; and is related to the other four yoga forms following the higher meditation and attainment of higher enlightenment achieved altogether after their practice. Of all the forms, none can be consi dered the best as they all work to the wellbeing of the individual in question. However, the karma yoga may have an upper hand over the rest following the relationship that it has with one’s way of thought and actions. This is because; it guides one’s actions through peace of mind and creation of harmony between the body and mind. The Noble Truths Buddhism has five aggregates, form, sensation, perception, mental formation and consciousness, which work together to come up with a mental being. Form refers to the physical factors of a being such as the body and all material objects while sensation refers to feelings in three kinds-unpleasant, pleasant and indifferent. The other three forms are perception, which is the formulation of a concept or idea on an object by an individual; while mental formation defines conditional responses to objects with which an individual has experiences. On the other hand, consciousness describes the

Mental Health Issue Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Mental Health Issue - Coursework Example The concepts of media images and perceptions are also explored, offering the possible negative and positive effect of media perceptions. Interestingly, the legal aspect of this issue is also detailed in the guide. A Case Study of Mental Health Service User X Cindy has a responsible job as a software engineer in a multinational company but she feels she is unable to advance in her career because of her inability to contribute in group meetings. It’s almost more than what she could bear just to sit in on meetings, let alone offer her opinions. Yesterday, her boss approaches her about the possibility of giving a presentation about their latest product to some customers. At that point, she began to be nervous and could not open her mouth to talk at all. He walks out of her boss’s office with lack of self-confidence and later refuses to give the presentation. 3 Phobias Phobias can be defined as the persistent and irrational fears that affect some people when they come into c ontact with external factors (stimuli) (Morgan, 2003). There are different categories of phobias based on the sources of stimuli, to which the persons affected withdraw or move away from. Examples of these categories are:- (i) Agoraphobia:- this is irrational and persistent fears about being in a place crowded with many other people, and which might make escape impossible in case there is a sudden danger (Gray, 1994). This may happen with or without a panic attack. (ii) Social phobia:- This is irrational and persistent fears about participating in a social or public event. A chronic form of social phobia also leads to avoidance behavior as the affected person keep running away from social duties (Kleiman, 1988). Cindy is affected by this kind of phobia as she dodges her duties. (iii) Specific phobias:- These are irrational and persistent fears to some specific stimuli. Examples of these stimuli include but are not limited to animal types, natural environment types, situational types , blood-injection injury etc. (Lefton, 1997). 4 Causes of Phobias Several researches have been conducted on the issue of phobias in order to detect their main causes. Although it is not quite certain what is responsible for one particular phobia; however, it has become known in recent years that phobias could occur based on (i) genetical factor—that is, certain fears may affect some families consciously or unconsciously; for example, twins that were raised in different environments still show fear for a certain object or condition; (ii) cultural factor—owing to their cultures, different people entertain different kinds of phobias; (iii) personal experiences—it is also believed that personal experiences constitute mainly the cause of phobias people have today; past unfavorable experiences may beat fear into people’s hearts that would last forever (Gray, 1994); (iv) uncertainty—it is also considered a fact that people tend to exercise some fears to u ncertain conditions or things they could not control like their future, job interviews and meeting new and unfamiliar people (Lefton, 1997). Symptoms of Phobias The symptoms exhibit by patients affected by phobias depends on the types of phobias and their severity. For those suffering from blood-injection injury, they do not normally feel afraid but experience disgust at the sight of needles (Morgan, 2003). However, there are some general symptoms of phobias, which include but are n

Factors Causing Changes to the Ecosystem | Experiment

Factors Causing Changes to the Ecosystem | Experiment Madison Chapman Purpose/Hypothesis The purpose of this experiment was to better understand how an ecosystem changes over time by simulating the interaction between the aquatic, terrestrial and decaying parts of an ecosystem. Several variables of an aquatic chamber, terrestrial chamber, and decaying chamber were monitored to provide evidence for the changing of the ecosystems. Dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, and turbidity, were some of the things measured and used as evidence to prove that the ecosystem was undergoing change. Obvious aesthetic changes were also noticeable, these were observed and recorded as changes within the environment. Without a complete and complex food chain, and with the small size of the ecosystem, it was not likely that the ecosystem would remain stable for a extended period of time. The lack of a food chain will not allow for larger organisms such as the fish and beetle to remain alive for a long time. The chambers should undergo similar changes that a normal ecosystem would. Methods The setup for the experiment was begun on September 9, 2013. Two liter soda bottles were used as the chambers for each environment type. The bottles were cleaned, cut to appropriate size, and taped together. Openings were cut into both the terrestrial and aquatic environment to allow access for testing. The top chamber was the decomposition environment. Two rotting banana peels, decaying leaves, and†¦ were added to the decomposition column, the top column. Rocks, soil, grass, moss, sticks, three earthworms, and one beetle were inserted into the middle, terrestrial chamber. A long stick was inserted through the decomposition chamber, into the terrestrial chamber to connect the two chambers. The bottom aquatic chamber was filled with local lake water and some aquatic plants. At the beginning of November the dissolved oxygen levels in the water were high and had stabilized, so a fish was added to the chamber. Upon each sampling event several variables were measured in the aquatic a nd terrestrial chambers. In the aquatic chamber turbidity, color, Nitrate, Dissolved Oxygen, alkalinity, pH, and temperature were measured and recorded. In the terrestrial chamber Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, and pH levels were measured and recorded. Also during each sampling event visual observations were made and recorded for both chambers. The sampling events were biweekly for most of the experiment. Throughout the experiment there were six sampling events; these were on September 9, October 1, October 8, October 22, November 5, and December 3. The experiment lasted a total of 75 days, with the last sampling event on December 3, 2013. Results Table 1 The ecosystem appeared to be stable until around the third sampling event. The ecosystem was growing and stabilizing. In the aquatic chamber dissolved oxygen was slowly increasing as well as alkalinity. In the terrestrial chamber potassium increased from an adequate level to a sufficient one. On October 22 the nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous levels in the soil declined significantly from the last sampling event. There were also small fluctuations visible in the aquatic variables we tested. The dramatic depletion of almost all variables observed on the November 5th sampling event was foreshadowed by the turning of the water from clear to yellow. This showed the first signs of changes within the environment. On the November 5th sampling event the water in the aquatic chamber was green, the dissolved oxygen and alkalinity levels dropped considerably. Nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous levels were all depleted in the soil. Figure 1 With the exception of alkalinity most of the aquatic variables that were measured and recorded stay remotely constant. Turbidity did increase steadily toward the end of the experiment and the dissolved oxygen levels decreased. This was shown by the green water color that was observed. Discussion ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS. NUMBER EACH QUESTION. YOU DO NOT HAVE TO RETYPE THE QUESTIONS!! Identify two Food Chains or Food Webs in each of your habitats (chambers). Use arrows to illustrate these food chains and food webs; complete sentences are not required. Use extra paper if needed. Aquatic Chamber Decomposition Chamber (top soil chamber) Terrestrial Chamber Identify and briefly discuss the biogeochemical cycles which are taking place/which are present in your EcoColumns. Do not merely state that â€Å"they are all present†; instead, provide more specific information. water cycle nitrogen cycle carbon cycle phosphorous cycle Is your ecosystem column a closed or open system? or is it something in between a closed or open system? Explain how this (closed, open or other) influences the ecosystem column overall. The ecosystem is closed with the exception of when things were added such as the fish or â€Å"rain water.† There are no outside forces working on the ecosystem, such as wind. What kind of niches are available/present for the various organisms in the column? Be specific, descriptive, and use terminology that is pertinent to the topic. The larger organism could hold the role of predator and prey on the smaller organisms. Most of the smaller organisms and the earthworms held the roles of decomposers. Discuss evidence of ecological succession taking place in your column (or in the column of another lab group if you have not observed any signs of succession in your column). One group whose ecocolumn water turned completely black in the first few weeks of testing experienced succession. Eventually the water cleared and the oxygen levels rose. Discuss the stability and sustainability of the ecosystem columns in the lab, including your own. The ecocolumns appeared to show moderate stability throughout the experiment, however, once in deviations in a variable occurred the ecocolumn seemed to change rapidly. The ecocolumns were sustainable until around two to three weeks before the experiment ended. Discuss three trends or patterns which stand out as you think back on the data which you have been recording for 6 weeks. These trends or patterns should apply to the water quality tests or other observations which you have made over this multi-week time period. Briefly discuss these three trends or patterns, providing possible explanations based on environmental science principles. Fluctuation in dissolved oxygen tend to be a precursor to fluctuation in other things. Water color was a good indicator of dissolved oxygen levels. Turbidity and dissolved oxygen are inversely linked. Explain what eutrophication refers to and how this occurs. Apply this explanation to your ecosystem column. How might eutrophication take place in your column? Explain fully. Eutrophication is the excessive increase in nutrients that causes an overgrowth in aquatic plant life, the plants become so dense it causes death in organisms and a loss of oxygen. If a large amount of nutrients drains from the soil of the terrestrial chamber into the aquatic chamber, then eutrophication may occur. Pick another group in your class. How do your data compare to theirs? Brainstorm some causes/reasons for any differences. The group in front of us has several sources of error such as bad lake water, and lack of precision during sampling events. Finally, address any sources of error in this lab. This should be narrated in a â€Å"cause and effect† manner and talk about specific problems. A good example would be â€Å"water did not drain from the terrestrial chamber so †¦Ã¢â‚¬  while a bad example would be â€Å"we messed up the measuring one day.† There was not an adequate amount of rainwater added to the environment as we were not in control of when the ecosystem was watered. The ecosystem was not completely closed because of the holes that had to be cut into the ecosystem for testing purposes, this allowed for unknown outside organisms to enter the environment. Conclusion (~.5 page) Write a brief summary paragraph as your â€Å"conclusion†. Address what did you learned that you did not know prior to the experiment? What were the most important findings of the project and why? The ecocolumn remained fairly stable and function for the first few weeks of the experiment. Not until three weeks before the experiment was concluded were fluctuations in the tested variables observable. Eventually due largely to the small size of the ecosystem and the incomplete food chain within it, the ecosystem broke down and the levels of nutrients began to greatly decline, as well as the dissolved oxygen levels within the aquatic chamber. Prior to this experiment I had never seen eutrophication in person. The opportunity to observe and further study eutrophication will help me later. The most important finding of this experiment was that different parts of an ecosystem (aquatic, terrestrial, decomposing) are all linked together. The variables in each part can easily influence variables in another part. References (on a separate page) You must use at least three (3) sources in your report. Cite them using the correct parenthetical or footnote format as indicated by the APA style guide that was handed out in class. If you do not know how to format the parenthetical citations or the bibliography, please see Mrs. Houston for help before the paper is due! TSA Program. (2013, May 23).Eutrophication. Retrieved from http://toxics.usgs.gov/definitions/eutrophication.html Ritter, M. E. (2009, October 1). Biochemical cycles. Retrieved from http://www4.uwsp.edu/geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/earth_system/biogeochemical_cycles.html Britannica, E. (2007, April 6). Niches. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/topic/414016/history Eco-column Grading Sheet

Stop This Train by John Mayer

Connecticut, John Mayer charmed his listeners with his poignant lyrics, sweet melodies, and mellow grooves. Since the release of his successful debut album, Room for Squares, his clever songwriting has grown Into breathtaking poetry. He demonstrated his ever evolving progress with the release of his fourth studio album, Continuum, in 2006. The album takes maturity as a theme throughout, with songs ranging from the politically charged â€Å"Waiting for the World to Change† to the heartbreaking and sultry sound of â€Å"Slow Dancing in a Burning Room. Stop This Train,† also a song from John Mayor's Continuum, speaks of the unpredictable ground between adolescence and adulthood. It was written during a time which Mayer referred to as â€Å"solitary refinement;† He lied In bed suffering from double kidney stones and living in a hotel while finding a new residence. In a state of uncertainty and seemingly hopeless venture, John Mayer wrote the song for those of us stra ddling the new world, trying to figure out not necessarily who we are, but how to be who we are.He knew that, despite their lack of familiarity with his personal tuition, any person who listened to the lyric of the song could relate to life's daunting train ride. In the song, the train ride acts as an extended metaphor for the onward rush of life, which carries us forward and takes us past people and things we wish to linger with. Meyers lyrics echo the feelings of so many young adults who are contemplating their future-?starting to build a new life, leaving old ones behind, losing loved ones, and becoming their own person. In the first stanza, Mayer introduces his perplexed state of mind with his struggle to face truth.He begins his Eng with Irony, â€Å"No I'm not coloration / I know the world Is black and white† (1-2), claiming that he possesses the ability to see the true colors of the world. The colors black and white represent the speaker's belief that the world is simp ly one way or another. The word ‘blind' and the speaker's ability to see create an oxymoron because of their contradicting natures. In lines 3-4, â€Å"Try to keep an open mind but†¦ I Just can't sleep on this tonight,† Mayer expresses his troubles that make him restless. The song also symbolizes a reminder of life's Inevitability.It streams forward like a train, ND never can you go back to a certain point In time because there's no getting off, no changing direction, no stopping. Mayer creates a mental picture of the careening train ride in lines 5-8, â€Å"Stop this train / I want to get off and go home again / I can't take the speed that it's moving in. † The use of imagery demonstrates Meyers understanding of what his audience experiences. In attempt to fully transport the listener to the scene, the song begins with a catchy up and down melody that simulates a feeling of a trait's wheels turning over and over again.The snares played wrought â€Å"Stop T his Train† match the rhythmic sound of a train so as to allow the audience to picture themselves also on this never ending journey. The high and low notes of the guitar may also signify life's ups and downs. By using the train as a metaphor, Mayer mirrored the rush of nostalgia as people live their lives day by day and suddenly decide to take a look back at how far they've come. Just like a train ride, one doesn't realize how far and fast their Journey has taken them until they stop to take a look around. In life, everyone fears death or loss.As adulthood looms, so does ten mortar y AT our parents Mayer vocalizes tans Tear, â€Å"Don't want to see my parents go' (9). And while no one ever does, the time we become adults ourselves is when we begin to see the age in those that have shaped our lives. We see the death of our grandparents and realize we are a â€Å"generation away from fighting life out on my own† (10-11). And we panic because our parents, for so many of us , have been the safety net into which we fall. We begin to realize that safety net will not always be there. In truth, we are afraid of what we don't know, which is why Mayer claims â€Å"I'm only good at being young† (17).The thought of adulthood can be overwhelming as we realize that there's no stop button, that no one can stop this train. In the stanza about the conversation with his father, Mayer learns the best way to experience life is by not changing it. His father advises, â€Å"Don't for a minute change the place you're in / Don't think I couldn't ever understand†¦ John, honestly we'll never stop this train† (23-26) The only thing we can really do is appreciate life's train ride; because wherever it may take us, we're all in it together. The lyric in â€Å"Stop This Train† somewhat reflects life's timeline.At a younger, more naive age we take for granted our family until we start aging and realizing that our time with them is, in fact, limited. In the song, Mayer goes from begging for someone to stop this train to accepting that he can't so he might as well enjoy the ride. The song is about being forced to let go of things, and accepting these losses. It's about the angst and unfamiliarity that comes with moving into unknown parts of life. The fact that no matter what, we can't stop a day from turning into a week or a year from into turning into a decade, and the thought of this can seem a little intimidating and disheartening.As humans we only know what we've experienced, and the idea of having to readjust and move forward without any regard for personal desire can be downright terrifying. Growing up, children aren't inclined to to miss a thing because they haven't experienced the state of apprehension when they're asked the inevitable question: What do you want to do with your life? â€Å"Once in a while when it's good / It'll feel lie it should / And they're all still around / And you're still safe and sound† (27-31 ). But as time progresses, the days when we were lulled into a false calm are gone and we realize we don't miss what we have till it's gone.And you don't miss a thing / till you cry when you're driving away in the dark† (32-33). Mayor's style of songwriting mirrors a sort of conversation he is having with himself, his family and friends, and also with his own time. Just as the songs of the slave represent the sorrows of his heart, Mayor's songs are Just as full of importance as the music and beats to which they are set. Many people listen to songs for their uplifting melodies and dance-inspiring beats, but the deeper words in the lyrics prove that what's in a song is equally important to what's not there.In â€Å"Stop This Train,† Mayer oratory himself as Just another person coping with the apprehension and fear of loved ones dying, growing old, and facing life and all its difficulties. His fame and talent may veil the sorrows he faces on a daily basis from being away f rom his loved ones. The hidden message behind â€Å"Stop This Train† could embody a more personal than empathetic message. The harsh truth remains that, no matter how memorable or eventful our lives are, no one can escape time. Whether or not we'll grow to be 68, we will all be forced to brave more responsibility, expectations, and independence as we mature.

Establishing Effective Working Relationship Essay

Establishing effective working relationship is one of the domain in the Nursing and Midwifery Council’s core competencies which have to be achieved in order to become a mentor (NMC 2006) I will discuss the important aspects mentor needs to consider during the initial interview with my learner. This time my learner is a new member of the staff. On his first day, I introduced myself, orientated and welcomed him to the unit. Nickin and Kenworthy ( 2000) mention orientation to a new placement (in my case a new job placement) as a key issue in practice learning climate. Competency pack was discussed including all his learning contracts and eventually agreed to a one month supernumery status and regular meetings for evaluation. I tried to established a professional yet relaxed relationship with the learner. This enables the learner to be more comfortable. Spouse (1996) cited in Buttleworth et al ( 1998) highlighted that learning in clinical practice works best when mentors develop a caring and trusting relationship with the learner. Amongst the learning needs he identified was the familiarization of the fasting guidelines. Exploring that learning outcome, we have discussed that every learning outcomes should be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic and time bound (SMART). The NMC in 2006 requires mentors to support students or learners in critically reflecting upon their learning. Knowles (1984) discusses the learner’s involvement in identifying their learning needs, mutual planning, formulation of objectives and helping the learners to carry out their plan. Initiating a day with an aneasthetist will give my learner an opportunity for more understanding of his learning needs, and eventually be able to confidently practice his learnings. Indeed it is true that there are vast learning opportunities offered if not, available in their new practice placement or a new job placement. But I always believe that it is largely the learner’s responsibi lity to capitalize on their learning opportunities offered to them. Saarikoski (2003) defines a clinical learning environment as a group of stable characteristics unique to a particular clinical setting that have an impact on the behaviour of individuals within the setting. Learning opportunities available in the placement of a new job were identified initially. Few of which are venipuncture skills, communication skills, learning surgical procedures in an in depth manner, and understanding and interpretation of blood results. Thorell-Ekstrand and Bjorvell (1995) and Donaldson and Carter (2005 said, that clinical placement provides learner with optimal opportunities to observe role models, practice on their own and reflect on what is seen, heard, sensed and done. An initial performance review is set. This enables the mentor and the learner to review all learning needs were met and up to date. Considering any problems being encountered during the process. Considering learners weak and strong points. Miller and O’Brien (1986) identified that regular meetings and development of an action plan aids on going evaluation of the learners progress. Stuart (2007) states that, the initial interview or meeting is an ideal opportunity for the mentor to commence a facilitative relationship with the learner. Being a new member of the staff, I have to consider previous work experience. Stuart (2007) also suggest that an evaluation of the learner’s learning must be considered, as this will guide subsequent pl ans for learning. Conclusion I am confident that after considering all the factors during the initial interview, my learner will be able to adjust well in his new work environment. I have always been approachable and an open minded person. I am certain it will help me and my learner to work very well and produce a good if not an excellent outcome. Ogier (1989:37) stated that â€Å"facilitating learning cannot be divorced from competent management and humane relationship†.

Tobacco and the Brain Essay - 1067 Words

Tobacco and the Brain Recent surveys show that 25 % of all American adults smoke despite the fact that tobacco is the No.1 cause of death (430,000 annual) and disease in this country (1). The life of a 30-year older that smokes 15 cigarettes a day is shortened by an average of more than five years (2). Why do people smoke despite the fact that it shortens their life? Why has this practice of smoking tobacco been around for 1000 years? There must be something that the human body or mind gains in spite of the threat of an early death. I realize this craving for nicotine on a personal level because I smoke. Smokers self-reported motives for smoking include stress reduction and improved circulation (3). That sounds like my reasons. Plus†¦show more content†¦Stimulating fibers originating in the nucleus accumbens is interpreted by the brain as the neurotransmitter equivalent of Good--lets have it again (2). High dopamine levels result in the desire for repeated increase of dopamine (4). Activation of this pleasure/ reward circuit also causes a cascade of biochemical changes in your brain cells, creating a memory of the event and the motivation to do it again, hence the setup for addiction (1). I guess it was a human misfortune that we discovered addictive drugs like nicotine that just fit into the dopamine receptor and are rewarded with pleasure (dopamine) even though they are not survival related, worse yet deadly. Chronic exposure to nicotine results not only in physical addiction but also in mental addiction. Cigarette fixation is a combination of nicotine dependency due to the nucleus accumbens wanting more dopamine as it is stimulated, and deeply engrained behavior habits. For some people, the feel, smell, and sight of a cigarette and the usual rituals of obtaining, handling, lighting, and smoking the cigarette are all associated with the pleasurable effects of smoking (4). Also, places and times can have traditions of smoking built into them, like after sex, after meals, driving in a car or walking to class or work. These particular rituals, times, and places associated with the pleasurable effects of smoking can cause cravings and makeShow MoreRelatedSaving Lives By Illegalizing Tobacco1465 Words   |  6 PagesIllegalizing Tobacco As soon as the door opens to any store, most of the time there will be a tobacco related product nearby. In today’s society there is controversy on whether drugs should be sold to the public, but most of these controversies do not involve tobacco related products. Tobacco products are widely used, but these tobacco are not safe. Cigarettes and other tobacco products should be illegal because tobacco is composed of many harmful chemicals. Anybody who comes in contact with a tobacco substanceRead MoreThe Harmful Effects Of Smoking Cigarettes964 Words   |  4 PagesTobacco is widely used by people around the world. 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