Stratford Sherman Eight Steps Toward Integrity

After reviewing Stratford Sherman Eight Steps toward Integrity, it has different components of business ethics that businesses can use as a basic guideline. The Eight Steps toward Integrity include: doing what we say we will do, doing the right thing, taking responsibility, supporting our own weight, holistic thinking, checking the mirror, defining the rules and values. The first step is doing what we say we will do which â€Å"includes keeping promises and meeting deadlines†¦ —and often, tough negotiation—prior to making commitments. (Stratford Sherman). Doing the right thing includes being aware of what’s right and performing the right actions. This also includes accepting the consequences. Taking responsibility is simply taking responsibility for your actions. Supporting your own weight â€Å"means functioning as a whole. † (Stratford Sherman). Holistic thinking is â€Å"an appreciation of wholeness in the world supports its practice. † (St ratford Sherman). Checking the mirror is taking the time to do an honest review of you or as Sherman said pause for reflection.Defining the rules and values is simply rules about the basics that can be applied to almost anything from couples to organizations. New local health codes require that trash dumpsters be at minimum of thirty feet from the rear entrance of the building. The new laws also include that all out buildings be at minimum of six feet from the property line; Sandwich Blitz is in violation of these laws. The enclosure that houses the trash dumpster is five feet from the property line. The government inspector has told the unit manager that he would be willing to approve this if Sandwich Blitz provides the food for his department's holiday party.Dalman and the Location Manager should decline the government inspector offer for multiple reasons. One reason is because this is very unethical for business owners to accept a bribe when they’re violating the law and t his is also unethical for the government inspector to make this offer. Dalman and the Location Manager need to do the right thing, take responsibility, and support their own weight. But let’s say that Dalman and the Location Manager accept the government inspectors’ offer.What if another inspector comes to inspect the building after Sandwich Blitz have already provided the food for the inspectors department holiday party? The issue still remains that the enclosure that houses the trash dumpster is only five feet from the property line when laws require it to be six feet from the property line. Dalman and the Location Manager need to strategize other solutions such as finding out if the enclosure can be redesigned or if they can move the whole structure back only 1foot so that Sandwich Blitz will not be in violation.

Essential Questions

While the North veered toward a mechanical future of efficiency and invention the Southern dependence on their cotton industry kept them at a stand still. By 1877 prior t o the compromise which ended Southern Reconstruction the Southern economic system was in a steady decline as emend for cotton slowly shifted while the North's demand for manufactured goods continued its steady incline. Peopling: How did the growth of mass migration to the United States and the railroad a effect settlement patterns in the cities in the west?The growth of mass migration to the United States caused massive population n changes which tended to slow as immigrants settled into large towns and cities near or center red around the growing railroads which promised life and fortune to the prospective America Politics and Power: Why did the attempts at compromise before the war fail to prevent the inflict? To what extent and in what ways, did the Civil War and reconstruction n transform American political and social relationships?The attempts at compromise failed because no politician was ever able to full y address the issues of slavery in a way that would last forever. Plus the fact that no Southern nerd was willing to give up their way of life because of a northerner who did not know t he value of slavery. America in the World: How was the American conflict over slavery part of larger global events? As the European powers grew and left slavery for industry America was the la SST of the powers to attain a patch of slavery slowing the turn towards industry.With growing ball Zionist movements the views of the world focused on slavery in the south. Environment and Geography: How did the end of slavery and technology and military developments transform the environment and settlement patterns in the so the and the west? At the end of the civil war with the end of slavery and the introduction of milt ray rule to the south there was a massive change in settlement as freed slaves began travels Eng throughout the south to find lost loved ones. Introduction of â€Å"modernized military tactics and other technologies lowed the flow of populations within the American South.Ideas, Beliefs, and Culture: How did the doctrine of manifest destiny affect debates over territorial expansion and the Mexican war? How did the Civil War struggle shah pep Americans beliefs about equality, democracy, and national destiny? The doctrine of Manifest Destiny caused a lot of debates concerning the right of American expansions in the west while all other countries could no longer claim any of t he land. The results of the civil war molded and enforced American belief in the divinity of their actions of spreading democracy from ocean to ocean. Essential Questions Europeans even knew about the Americas, Native American tribes were the first inhabitants. These first inhabitants were a people group united by kinship and called Pale-Indians and they settled in the Americas between twelve and fifteen thousand years ago. Large mammals and an abundance of plants drew hunter- gatherers to the Americas, which provided the sustenance necessary for survival. Agriculture takes hold in a portion of the Americas between 1000 to 1200 AD, but spreads further and more extensively by 500 AD.Agriculture in the Americas was much different than in Europe and other countries. In the Americas, crops such as corn, beans, and squash were grown and there were no animals involved. Early fifteenth century, Europe was a patchwork of small kingdoms and principalities, and Europe began to expand Into Muslim country and acquired a desire to trade goods with Asia, so they went about exploration of other than previous forms and ended up In America, without knowing It.Soon aft er Columbus arrived, Spanish explorers took an interest and also began to Lonnie, and proceeded to slaughter large numbers of Indians in get rich quick attempt. Also missionaries took an interest in converting the Indians to Christianity, which resulted in blended versions of Catholicism that exist today. Conquistadors, Spanish colonists under a man named Cortez, conquered the Aztec and began Indian labor system. Because of the scarcity of laborers in the Americas, Portuguese and Spanish colonists looked to Africa for black slaves.Spanish colonization and exploitation of Indians resulted in the Pueblo revolt against the Spanish. Europe soon followed their explorer Columbus to the Americas, bringing diseases and sickly pigs, this event Is now called the Great Dying. The Indians began to resist the power of the Spanish and soon coexisted with them, adopting their cultures and learning the Spanish language. Coming to America: Portrait of Colonial Life The New World, the Americas, becam e a magnet for all ethnic groups. People had such a desire to go to the Americas that they would indenture themselves so that they could pay for their passage to the Americas.Voyages to the New World were ungenerous and many died on the voyage, while the youngest and healthiest were sold on shipboard. In New England, family relationships were of a great deal of importance. A marriage ceremony was created by the Puritans who also established obligations that were to be fulfilled by the male and female In each relationship. Divorce also became a right If a spouse broke the rules. The head of the house was to have moral order and correctional order and emotional stability. Men were expected to work in the fields and women joined them during harvest time, but made soaps,

Relationship of the Sexes in Greys Anatomy Essay

Relationship of the Sexes in Greys Anatomy - Essay Example The argument shall be based on an individualized character description of the characters from the show and then segue into a discussion of Season 6, episode 15 a.k.a Timewarp. This episode is the one that set the tone for the mother of Meredith Grey to become one of the most admired surgeons at Seattle Grace. The discussion shall conclude with a look at how sexism still exists in the modern medical workplace as evidenced by scenes from the show. There have been many instances on the show when women were portrayed in a sexist manner. Take for example the episode in the first season when Dr. Isobel Stevens (played by Katherine Heigl) was treated as a sex object and disrespected by the other male interns on the floor because she used to do sexy modeling assignments in order to help pay off her medical school expenses. She did not take the disrespect sitting down at the time. Instead, she chose to force the men to respect her by giving them more than they expected to see herself in the l ocker room. Thus shaming them into thinking about how they were treating her and in the end, getting an apology from those who disrespected her the most. Then we have Cristina Yang (played by Sandra Oh), the overachieving cardio-thoracic surgeon who tends to get on everyone's nerves because of her by-the-book attitude. Since she always held herself in a manner higher than the other interns, and then residents in Seattle Grace, she was able to gain their respect and then the respect of her superiors such as Derek Shepherd who saw and treated her as an equal both in and out of the operating room. Dr. Yang gained their respect and high regard by proving herself where it mattered the most, in action in the operating room. Dr. Bailey, also known as The Nazi lead the team of then medical misfits as their resident advisers. Her job was to whip them into shape in order to make them respectable and noteworthy additions to the field of medicine that they may have chosen to specialize in. She was not exactly respected by her peers in the sense of the word. In fact, the respect for her person and position was born mostly out of fear for these people because she has a tendency to be tactless and straightforward in order to get her way. That is perhaps, the only way she knows to gain the respect of her colleagues in a profession that is mostly dominated by men. Of all of the interns and now medical doctors on the show, however, none of them carried the same kind of responsibility and unfair expectations of her peers than Dr. Meredith Grey whose mother, Ellis Grey, was considered to be one of the foremost surgeons at Seattle Grace during her tenure at the hospital. Meredith chose to follow in her mother's footsteps because of the influence that her strong-willed mother had on her existence as a child. But that is perhaps also the reason why Meredith found herself lost during the first few seasons of the show. She was the most uncertain and self-doubting doctor in the hospita l because she felt that they all expected too much from her.  

Living in McMinden Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Living in McMinden - Essay Example She complains about the rigidness of many of the social groups in her school and notices that there appears to be a divide between people of different socio-economic status. She also feels alienated due to her ethnicity. She describes being a part of one of the first Hispanic families in town. She complains that there is not much communication between the different groups. Jenny's comments are interesting as they bring together a large varieties of different types of alienation. Growing up can be hard to do in a general way, but Jenny is perceptively analyzing both class and ethnic differences in her school. In my own experience in high school I noticed people like Jenny and saw that they had a hard time. I did what I could to help them. I grew up in a small town like McMinden, a town that was changing, and can sympathize with her feelings about the negativity at school. Suzanne provides another perspective. She clearly cares about her children, but could perhaps be described as a So ccer Mom. She is clearly exhibiting signs of role expectation for her children. She wants her children to be like her father. The path to accomplish that goal is through school athletics. She doesn't speak about what her children want, only what she wants for them. It is clear that her heart is in the right place. She seems to be a product of a difficult life and is facing up to the challenge of being a divorced mother.

Three Information Technology Systems Assignment

Three Information Technology Systems - Assignment Example Being able to correlate information across multiple platforms creates a successful environment for combatting crime. Introduction In today’s age of information technology and in the various designs of database creations, members of law enforcement find that knowing how to utilize any number of research techniques will greatly assist in finding information on criminals being sought for various crimes. Criminal databases are also a valuable tool in determining what areas of a city, state or in the nation, require a more robust police presence in order to keep criminal activity down to a manageable level (Hunter & Barker 2011). As part of training for any police officer and for detectives conducting any type of criminal research activities, understanding how each database works and the search criteria required for each, is essential for success in finding and identifying specific people who may be involved in criminal behavior. Three database systems are discussed in this paper: the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS), the National Crime Victimization Survey database (NCVS), and the Crime Mapping system (Cordner & Scarborough 2010). 1. There are a number of ways that these database systems are used by law enforcement agencies within a community policing program to help with keeping down criminal activity. It is important for every community to have some type of mapping system which can show what criminal activity has been taking place over various time periods. In many instances, the police department for any given city will most likely access state information in order to drill down to a city’s information criteria and subsequently, to fine-tune that information to a neighborhood or community (Mazerolle, Bellucci & Gajewski 2005). The state is the main point of access for any type of information concerning census data, land use data, Department of Motor Vehicles data, and any other data that would commonly be required by a state to maintain in some database. From the statewide access point, the city police department may choose to have a professional database designer come in to create a system that can access the state information and combine it with city information in order to be able to create specific pictures or maps of where crime has been more active, such as in number of robberies over a specified time period. This type of mapping is also useful in determining traffic problems that might occur in various spots in the community because of criteria concerning time of day and even the day of the week (Mazerolle, Bellucci & Gajewski 2005). In the case of the IAFIS system which plugs into a national database, the use of the system helps to identify criminals who may be traveling over different cities and even into different states while committing crimes along the way (FBI 20130. If a criminal has been picked up once along the way and been fingerprinted before being put in jail, when he gets out and commits more crimes, he is easily identified, apprehended and put back in jail. While some criminals have not been caught yet, their fingerprints at crime scenes will be retained and attached to the crime so that if ever apprehended, the crime will come up in the database and the criminal finally

Negative affects of piracy on the music industry Essay

Negative affects of piracy on the music industry - Essay Example Before the invention of blank tape, it was not yet possible to duplicate a record. If you want to hear music, then you either have to buy it or play it in a friend’s house. From the vinyl to cassette tape, it was really hard to copy music content. Then, initially, compact discs – the precursor of modern music formats - were hard to copy as well - when it surfaced in Europe and Japan in 1982 and in the United States. However, over the past twenty years, technology has advanced so drastically. Three technologies have emerged that have driven piracy to the top of the music industry’s agenda today: the writable CDs, the mp3 compression algorithms and the P2P protocols. The combined power of these technologies led to the proliferation of file-sharing applications that enable people to download music and other multimedia content from the Internet for free. Since the year 2000, studies have shown that music piracy has significant negative effects in the music industry.

Critical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Critical analysis - Essay Example and the overall effectiveness for how they were employed to capture and engage the attention of the reader, promote the structural integrity of the piece, and define the relevant actors and factors in question. Firstly, the speaker of the story is defined near the introduction; something that is useful in engaging the reader’s interest and providing a non-uniform approach to story-telling that encourages the reader to read on as a means of finding out such relevant information. Additionally, whereas many writers stray from a first person narrative and forget that they started down a path that they must adhere to, the speaker of this particular story keeps this first person narrative voice throughout the entirety of the piece; another element of strength that allows for the reader not to suffer from speaker whiplash. Yet, with respect to the metric of occasion, this is where the story falls short. Although it is clear and apparent, after reading the story, that the author has sought to engage the reader with many different anecdotes, compiled within a short story, the underlying occasion and purpose that the story is able to exhibit is unclear. The reader is left to determine whether racial profiling, life as a conservative member of Islamic society, in-flight turbulence, work related moves, or the father’s beauty is the core and underlining purpose and occasion for this story to be written. This oversight significantly takes away from the rhetorical appreciation that the reader might otherwise attempt to gain from this story. The underlying reason for this has to do with the fact that without a central and cohesive plot that seeks to relate to the title of the story, the reader is left to flounder about within a stream of recollection style of writing in which seemingly disconnected plot lines are related as a means of filling space. Perhaps the strength of the entire piece could be maximized if the writer instead chose to focus the paper on the trip

NONE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

NONE - Essay Example For this reason, he purports that capitalists simply get paid for their patience in not using their money on consumer goods (Buchholz 128). However, as much as this may be true, Marx opines that labor is known to produce a surplus that goes far beyond its wages and the wear and tear that is sustained by the capital used. I totally agree with Marx that the wrong done here is exploiting the surplus by others in the form of labor. The reason why I think that Marx’s reasoning here is valid is the fact that capitalists usually enjoy the highest benefits from sale of products where as the laborers are usually the least compensated. A good example to explain the validity of Marx’s reasoning here would be to look at the amount of labor that goes into manufacturing contemporary product such as luxury cars. As much as it is prudent to appreciate the waiting that capitalists have to wait, and the sacrifices that they make by not spending their money on buying consumer goods, I do not think that this can be compared to the work that laborers put in, and the amount of compensation they receive. Many big companies today are owned by rich capitalists who pump in huge sums of their money as capital. These capitalists usually employ laborers who work hard to ensure that the final product is up to standard (Beb 29). However, when these products are sold, it is the capitalists who receive and enjoy the most amount of profit after having used the labor and expertise of others. It would be unrealistic to expect the capitalists and the laborers to enjoy the same amount of profit. However, fact remains that the investors in blue chip companies usually enjoy way much more profit than the laborers who put their efforts in coming up with final products that will be sold to bring money to the companies. I think that Marx’s reasoning here was

APPENDIX F Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

APPENDIX F - Assignment Example Write an equation that illustrates this situation. Use the same variables you used in part a. c) Use the equations from part a and b of this exercise as a system of equations. Use substitution to determine how many of each type of floor plan is available. Describe the steps you used to solve the problem. For part B: The x-axis intercept will be when y=0 or when x= 0 and for y-axis intercept will be when x= 0 , it will be at y = 0 This implies the straight line will be passing through point (0,0) mathematically called the origin. a) The sales representative here tells you they also have two floor plans available, but they only have 38 homes available. Write an equation that illustrates the situation. Use x and y to denote floor plan #1 and floor plan #2 respectively. b) The representative tells you that floor plan #1 sells for $175,000 and floor plan #2 sells for $200,000. She also mentions that all the available houses combined are worth $7,200,000. Write an equation that illustrates this situation. Use the same variables you used in part a. 3. You recently started the paperwork to purchase your new home, and you were just notified that you can move into the house in 2 weeks. You decide to hire a moving company, but are unsure which company to choose. You search online and are interested in contacting two companies, Heavy Lifters and Quick Move, to discuss their rates. Heavy Lifting charges an $80 fee plus $35 per hour. Quick Move charges $55 per hour with no additional fees. Answer: Let us tabulate the calculated cost of hiring against the required hours: Then graph for the range is drawn using MS Excel. The graph shows that after we cross the threshold of four hours and go above it in requirement, then the heavy Lifters offer a better

Best Practices of Successful Principals Essay Example for Free

Best Practices of Successful Principals Essay The following paper will highlight important skills that are required in the school principals in order to make improvements in school systems that ensure academic achievements in the students. Introduction One of the most important US laws that have given most importance to education is the No Child Left Behind Act that was presented in 2001 and it has been regarded as the most comprehensive legislation that addresses the needs of students and demands utmost responsibility from the teachers and principals of schools. The aim of this law has been to increase the analytical skills in children along with an increase in the trend of accountability in teachers and principals of the schools. Accountability in this case is important as there will be a realization among the teachers and principals that there are laws that test the level of performance exhibited by them in relation to the betterment of education levels in the children (Harris, 2005, p. 12). It has been realized that most important roles in the success of schools are played by the school principals. In relation to accountability and an increase in the educational standards of the students, it has been realized that studies are needed in order to find a link between the principal-ship and students’ educational standards. This has been regarded as a complex procedure. A study has indicated that principal-ship does not have any direct effects on the educational levels and levels of achievements of the students but indirect effects have been seen when school climates are made more influential and positive by the principals (Sapp, 2000, p. 34). More research carried out on the effects of leadership principles followed by the school principals indicates that principal leadership directly affects the students and school staff in a positive or a negative way. In addition to this it has been argued that the leadership principles that are undertaken by the principals have a direct relationship with achievement levels of the students. An important fact that needs to be added here is that teachers’ instructional level and leadership level is much more effective on the achievement level of students that makes the effect of principal leadership secondary. In many studies , superior schools with successful leadership based principal-ship have been highlighted that have developed strategies that are important in the development of family and supportive environment within the schools that is more conducive for learning. With this it is seen principals of successful and leading schools also focus on strategies that can develop better curriculum. Increased expectations and demands are being faced by the school principals as the trend towards accountability increases (Gootman, 2008, p. 23). Skills of Successful School Principals Five key practices in principals have been identified by the studies that can help in increasing the achievement levels of students by incorporating skills of leadership that can help in making them better leaders of tomorrow. 1. Making Decisions Based On Data Principals these days are more aware of the accountability that has been implicated on them with the NCLB act. Thereby actions are being taken that can show increased improvement in educational standards of the students. These actions and strategies are thereby based on the data that these principals collect from time to time from the teachers. This data reflects grades, test structures, teachers’ contributions, and response and interest levels of the students. This data is then analyzed for improvement in educational standards in students and if the instructional strategies are helping the children in achieving their educational goals. Thereby from here it can be seen that the principals were being more logical and rationale in decisions making ignoring any gut feelings and intuitions thereby exhibiting leadership skills (Crum, and Sherman, and Myran, 2009, p. 51). 2. Relationship With The Staff In order to implement the leadership skills and see the changes in educational systems principals need to build an environment of trust among the staff in order to maintain a competitive environment in the school. In some studies it has been realized by the principals that treat their staff and school teachers in a compassionate manner can help in implementing the required changes in schools (Boynton, and Boynton, 2007, p. 34). 3. Balancing Ownership And Cooperation One of the most important leadership based skills needed in the principals facing challenging conditions of accountability includes the art of balancing cooperation with the staff. This cooperation helps the principals in planning changes and strategy implementation with the staff and teachers in order to bring better changes by including advices from staff of every grade and every educational scale. This cooperation can help in a large scale implementation of pragmatic strategies. It has been seen that the principals who take their responsibilities as a mark to owning the school produce schools that are not very well known and neither are they able to gain the trust of students’ parents. The staff working for such principal is not cooperative with the students and there is a lack of interest in the teachers in instructing their students in ways that can increase analytical skills with an improvement in academic achievements (Crum, Sherman, and Myran, 2009, p. 54). 4. Leadership Development And Recognition Principals of the schools are required to develop strategies that can help in developing leadership skills in the teachers. Thereby there is a need that the teachers develop individual leadership capacities in order to bring required changes in the schools in multi-dimensional ways. Principals are required to change the environment of schools in a way that can help teachers develop strategies themselves and on their own to implement better changes. Principals should ask the teachers if they feel the need of changes in different areas of the schools. Thereby the strategies developed by the principals can help teachers in exploring their leadership capabilities (Blank, and Kershaw, 2008, p. 40). 5. Instructional Involvement And Awareness Of Needed Changes Involvement has been regarded as the most important strategy required by the school principals. It has been argued that the principals are in a need to keep their involvement in the activities that occur inside the classrooms in order to see through the major kinds of changes that are required. On the other hand these kinds of involvements are also important in analyzing the interest of students in their studies which is very much influenced by the level of interest that the teacher shows. Thereby here an important point that needs to be understood by the principals is that they need to remain involved in the school activities in an intimate manner (Crum, Sherman, and Myran, 2009, p. 57). Critical Analysis of My School’s Principal The school where I am currently employed is a high school. Based on experiences teaching in this school, academic fulfillment is not being achieved by the students at the required levels. These are not reflecting a good impression on the federal level authorities that hold the accountability of different schools in different states. Thereby based on my observations following are some of the critical drawbacks in the leadership of the principal that are not letting the school achieve the level of a better school; neither are the students showing any academic achievements. High schools require special attention as students studying in the high schools are the ones that are preparing themselves to leap in the practical life, where they enter colleges and high schools. Thereby I consider high school as the center where leaders are built as school environments polish the skills that they have by giving them the opportunities to talk and communicate their problems with the teachers, school staff and their parents. In order to bring up leaders of the future starting from the high schools, there is a need that environment of the school is conducive enough for proper academic achievements and skill development in students that can help them in gaining more than just education (Harris, 2005, p. 56). 1. Lack Of Principal’s Interest One of the main reasons of the school not performing at its level best is the lack of interest from the principal. It is seen that activities within the building do not interest the principal and only the school admin is held responsible for the management of activities. There is a need of the interest from the higher authorities in order to make better changes in teaching strategies and extracurricular activities that take place inside the schools. Increased interest of the principal is needed in the analysis of academic achievements of the students, the issues and problems that they face, and in analyzing the strategies that are adopted by the teachers in order to communicate the course to the students. 2. Lack Of Communication With The Staff As there are no activities that share common interest with the principal thereby there is a complete lack of communication between the staff and the principal. Staff includes teachers, game instructors, playgroup teachers and administration. In order to be aware of the changes that are needed in the school, there is a need to increase levels of communication with the school staff. An important point that is not being realized at the principal’s end is that constant communication with the staff, especially the teachers is needed in order to gain an insight into the level of education that is being provided to the children in the classrooms. Some changes, minor or major, are thought to be brought about by the teachers in schools. Teachers are the ones who remain in direct contact with the classrooms, students, other school staff and most importantly; the parents. Thereby any issues that are being faced at the students’ end are more visible when they are communicated by their parents. Thus the source of changes is the parents and teachers. Thereby if there is no communication with the teachers there is no possibility of creating better changes in the school environment that can help to solve students’ issues. 3. Lack Of Communication With The Students Deficiencies of principal’s interest towards the activities that take place inside the school have also caused a complete lack of communication of the principal with the students. Thereby the main issues being faced include a lack of awareness of the principal towards the issues being faced by the students in case of their educational achievements. Thereby there is no data collection in relation to the educational achievement of the students based on the teaching strategies designed and implemented by the teachers themselves. In order to improve the educational achievements of the students there is a need at the end of higher authorities that the data collection takes place that can give an insight into the required changes in teaching and instructional strategies. Certain set of problems are daily faced by the students within the school building and these issues and problems are mainly concerned with the kind of environment that is being provided to the students in the schools. These include the set of extracurricular activities that are offered in the schools along with the frequency with which they are offered. It is a well-known fact that there is a direct relationship with the extracurricular activities being offered at the schools and academic achievements of the student. Thereby there is a need to take these facts into mind in order to implement the changes that can provide better environment to the students that can directly enhance their learning experiences and academic achievements. Students are generally afraid of communicating with the principals as general image of the principal in almost all schools is that of someone who only knows how to ring parents telling them about the mischievous acts of their child, about the failing grades of their child in studies, and someone who knows how to make these students hold the expulsion letter. These images are associated with a lack of communication of the principal with the students that creates an even increasing amount of fear in the students as is the case in my school. It has been mentioned that there is no communication on an engaging level by the principal that has created such an image in students’ minds. In order to negate such an image from the students’ minds it is required that the level of communication is increased with the students, increased participation is shown in the activities that are related with academic achievements in the students along with the development of analytical skills thereby students feel easy and confident in sharing their issues with the principals. It is to be realized that provision of table tennis tables, basketball courts and better looking classrooms are not the factors to better academic achievements but there is a need to incorporate confidence in these students so they feel free to share the issues that they face in the schools along with the many problems that are a hurdle for them in performing at their level best in academics. 4. Data Gathering An important strategy to make changes in the school is by being aware of the success rates achieved by the students and indirectly by the teachers. Students showing higher academic achievements is indicative of the fact that the teachers are working hard and talent and skills are being incorporated in the students. Thereby there is a need that data in relation to the student test scores, grades, classroom performance, extracurricular activities performance and final assessment performances is collected. This data can be helpful in many ways. It has been seen that the data itself is a refection of the leadership skills and analytical skills that a student has and of the levels of analytical skills incorporated in the students by the teachers and school environment. Moreover any subject based weaknesses that are being faced by the students are in open that can reflect any possible lack of interest from the instructor’s side, the parent’s side or need of developing skills to learn better in students. The data can be a reflection to the need of changing the course curriculum, changes in the class time period, changes in the instructional strategies, changes in communication patterns with the students, changes in communication strategies with the parents and changes in way students study and learn in order to enhance productivity. Conclusion No Child Left Behind Act attempts to hold the school principals accountable for students show lesser academic achievements with no improvements in the analytical skills. Studies have been conducted that show that leadership skills in the principals can play important roles in success of schools and in the improvement in academic achievements of students. It is realized that the interest and the level of cooperation being shown by the principal in what goes on inside the classrooms and outside the classrooms, plays an important role in the success of schools, along with having an impact on the interest level of the teachers in changing their instructional strategies. Some of the most important factors include increased cooperation with the students, staff of the school and most importantly the students. Students are the stakeholders of the educational institutions and any issues and problems in the management of the school directly effects the students thereby in order to bring fruitful changes in the management, students are to be included and consulted in any important decision making process. Confidence of the students in the management and principal has to be high as this increases the trust of the students that can help them in sharing the issues that they face in schools. References Blank, A. M. , and Kershaw, A. C. (2008). Mentoring as collaboration: lessons from the field for classroom, school, and district leaders. Corwin Press. Boynton, M. , and Boynton, C. (2007). The educators guide to assessing and improving school discipline programs. ASCD. Crum, S. K. , Sherman, H. W. , and Myran, S. (2009). Best practices of successful elementary school leaders. Journal of Educational Administration 48: pp. 48 – 63. Gootman, E. M. (2008). The caring teachers guide to discipline: helping students learn self-control, responsibility, and respect, K-6. Edition 3. Corwin Press. Harris, S. (2005). Best practices of award-winning elementary school principals. Corwin Press. Sapp, E. S. (2000). Guide to best practices for new school administrators. Scarecrow Press.

Organisational Commitment Study Research Methodology

Organisational Commitment Study Research Methodology Table of Contents (Jump to) Research Methodology Introduction Research Design Sample Population Sample Selection Sample Size Procedures Measuring Instrument Gathering of Data Organisational Commitment Job Satisfaction Job Descriptive Index and Job in General Stress in General Human Resource Management Practices (HRM) Trust in Management Turnover Intention Turnover Statistical Methods Summary Results Conclusion Research Methodology Introduction This chapter addresses the research methodology used in the study of Organisational Commitment, its’ antecedents and consequences as described in the first chapter. The first section of this chapter after the introduction presents the research design. Sample and population are presented in the second section. The third section looks at measuring instrumentation, reliability, validity and scoring techniques. The third section looks at data gathering procedures. The fourth section describes methods for statistical analysis. The last section summarises this chapter. Research Design This study used a relational research design to determine the relationship between antecedents and consequences of organisational commitment. Research into organisational commitment is largely dependent on the perceptions of employees and employers. Perceptions are generally acquired through subjective self-reports or opinion. A design based on surveys is therefore appropriate. Relational surveys empirically examine the relationships between two or more variables, constructs, and/or factors. Descriptive surveys are primarily used to provide personal and demographic information. Correlation studies are used to: measure relationships; check consistency of those relationships; and to make predictions. This allows the researcher to test hypotheses by confirming or refuting their predictions which is consistent with Grounded Theory and the formation of theoretical frameworks. It follows that predictive validity is most often achieved by statistical methods such as correlation and regressi on (Saunders et al, 2009). Sample Population The population of the study is all past and present employees of company X. Sample Selection Given that this company is a small specialised Information Technology consulting company with a small population (n = 25) all employees were approached to participate. Electronic survey links were sent to the entire population and 100% response rate was achieved where all of the respondents completed all of the surveys. Sample Size Sample size determines statistical significance in a relationship. The central limit theory dictates that the larger the absolute size of the sample the closer the more likely it is to have a normal distribution. It has also been shown that the minimum sample size of 30 will produce a normal distribution or near normal distribution (Stutely, 2003). DeVaus (2002) provides this formula to calculate minimum sample size: Where: is the minimum sample size required is the proportion belonging to the specified category is the proportion not belonging to the specified category is the z value corresponding to the level of confidence required (see Table A2.1) is the margin of error required Table 1 Confidence Levels and associated z values This formula is used for small populations: Where: is the adjusted minimum sample size is the minimum sample size (as calculated above) is the total population Saunders et al. (2009) advise that, in cases where the population is less than thirty, data should be collected from the entire population. There are limitations associated with minimum size. In particular the margin of error cannot be smaller than the reciprocal of the population. It follows that in order to achieve a 5% margin of error the minimum sample size required is calculated thus: where is the sample size Applying the DeVaus (2002) formulae to the sample in this study requires the whole population if a confidence interval of 95% and 5% error is to be achieved. Procedures The researcher requested permission from the Managing Director of the organisation to conduct interviews and circulate surveys among the employees. In addition permission was granted to access human resource management records and employer/employee correspondence where legal, relevant and appropriate to the study. The researcher is an employee of the organisation with free access to the employees which facilitated the ease of data gathering and clarification where necessary. Most of the group are in possession of post graduate degrees and a number have a Masters level qualification which further facilitated the process as the group all have a deep understanding and appreciation for the process. An employee meeting was called in the presence of the Managing Director where it was explained that the participation in the study was optional or voluntary, anonymous, and that the information would be treated confidentially. In order to avoid any peer group pressure, no discussion was entertained in the group information session and employees were invited to discuss any interest or concerns directly with the researcher in private. It is interesting to note that all employees wanted to participate and most had no desire to remain anonymous inviting the researcher to discuss any aspect of their responses with them. Three approaches were used during the gathering of data: Online Surveys; Interviews; and Analysis of Human Resource records and employee correspondence. Surveys are a popular, economical and convenient way to collect standardised data which facilitate easy comparisons (Saunders et al., 2009). Unstructured interviews were conducted to: determine aspects of the organisations’ Human Resource Management practices; determine reasons for Turnover with ex-employees where exit interviews or detailed resignation explanations were not available or unclear; determine impressions of Turnover survivors for perceptions about Turnover reasons. Human Resource records were used to determine biographical data such as: pay grade; age; tenure; absenteeism; education; and vacation habits Turnover reasons were collected from exit interviews and employee correspondence. Measuring Instrument This study aims to determine the relationship between Stress, Turnover, Turnover Intention, Organisational Commitment, HRM practices and Job Satisfaction. The following instruments were used in surveys to measure the variables: Organisational Commitment: Allen and Meyer (1990) Job Satisfaction: Brodke et al.’s (2009) Revised Job Descriptive Index (JDI) questionnaire based on the original of Smith et al. (1969) Job Stress: Stress in General (SIG) questionnaire of Brodke et al. (2009) Management Trust: Trust in Management (TIM) Brodke et al. (2009) Turnover Intention: three point questionnaire baed on Sjà ¶berg and Sverke (2000) Gathering of Data The online surveys were created in Google Forms using the organisations’ internal infrastructure which is hosted on Google Apps. Google Forms is part of the Google Apps suite and facilitates the creation, distribution, and collation of survey data electronically. The surveys were distributed from the facility in Google Forms by way of a link in an email. The anonymous survey responses are automatically collected and stored on Google Drive where the information is made available in a tabular format (Microsoft Excel). Organisational Commitment Organisational Commitment was measured using the Organisational Commitment Scales (OCS) developed by Meyer and Allen (1997). The reliability of the OCS has been demonstrated in numerous studies over the last two decades. The reliability of each of the scales can be seen through Cronbach’s alpha of: between 0.77 and 0.88 for affective commitment; 0.65 and 0.86 for normative commitment; and 0.69 and 0.84 for continuance commitment (Fields, 2002). The OCS is comprised of 22 items measured on a 7 point Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree). Job Satisfaction The Job Descriptive Index (JDI) was painstakingly developed by Smith, Kendall, and Hulin and published in their book, Satisfaction in Work and Retirement (1969). Patricia Cain Smith (1917-2007) relocated from Cornell to Bowling Green State University in the mid-1960s bringing the JDI Research Group with her. The group has operated since 1959 with different members and is one of the longest running research groups in the field. They make their family of scales available free of charge to researchers. The scales include: the Job Descriptive Index (JDI) including the Job in General (JIG); Stress in General (SIG); and Trust in Management (TIM). These scales consist of phrases and adjectives that describe facets of the job or the job overall. Participants select â€Å"Yes†, â€Å"No† or â€Å"?† in response to each word or phrase. â€Å"Yes† means the word or phrase describes the job. â€Å"No† means the word or phrase does not describe the job. â€Å"?† means that the respondent is unsure or cannot decide. The scales are scored 3, 0, 1.5 for â€Å"Yes†, â€Å"No†, and â€Å"?† respectively. The 2009 revision of the JDI, JIG, SIG and TIM are utilised in this study. Job Descriptive Index and Job in General The Job Descriptive Index (JDI) and Job in General (JIG) are self-report measures of job satisfaction. The JDI measures satisfaction with five facets of the job: attitudes towards co-workers, the work itself, promotion opportunities, remuneration and supervision. The JIG scale measures overall satisfaction with the job (Brodke et al., 2009). There have been two major updates to the JDI since it was introduced by Smith, Kendall, and Hulin in 1969. The first update was made in 1985 (Smith et al., 1987) and the second was made in 1997 (Kihm, Smith, Irwin, 1997). The JDI Research Group (Bowling Green State University, OH, USA) then updated the JDI family of scales in 2009. Table 2 Correlations among the JDI facets (Brodke et al., 2009)* lists correlations among the JDI scales which demonstrates that each of the JDI facets and the JIG measures a distinct aspect of job satisfaction and no facet correlates higher than 0.50 with any other facet. Cronbach coefficients above 0.80 or higher are considered to have high levels of reliability. Table 2 Correlations among the JDI facets (Brodke et al., 2009)* Table 3 Validity Coefficients Pearson Correlations (Brodke et al., 2009) shows the correlations of the JDI facets with SIG and the single item measure of Overall Job Satisfaction: â€Å"Considering everything, how would you rate your overall satisfaction with your job?† rated on a five point scale from 1 (very dissatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied). Brodke et al. (2009) have shown that the JIG scale is a good predictor of Turnover Intention. Table 3 Validity Coefficients Pearson Correlations (Brodke et al., 2009)* Stress in General The relationships between workplace stress and negative personal and organisational outcomes are well documented. Stressors and Strains are important concepts related to stress. Stressors precede the experience of stress and strains are the outcomes of the stress experience. The SIG is a measure of the experience of work stress, which emerges between the initial existence of work stressors and the resulting physical and psychological strains (Brodke et al. 2009). This is the stress that is experienced as a result of work stressors prior to the acknowledgement of the strain. The SIG is thus a good measure of Job Dissatisfaction and predictor of Turnover Intentions. The 2009 revision used in this study is based on the SIG scale developed by Stanton et al. (2001). Brodke et al. (2009) showed that this SIG scale shows a reliability coefficient of 0.79. Furthermore the scale correlates positively and significantly with the Faces stress measure (r = 0.54, p Human Resource Management Practices (HRM) The Managing Director and a team manager were interviewed about all aspects of their interaction from recruitment to exit. Marketing material was collected and analysed. The JDI facets that measures Opportunities for Promotion and Supervision are also used in assessing perceptions of HRM practices. Trust in Management Trust in Management (TIM) self-report survey consists of twelve phrases and adjectives describing characteristics of senior management or executives. Participants select â€Å"Yes†, â€Å"No† or â€Å"?† in response to each word or phrase. â€Å"Yes† means the word or phrase describes the manager or executive. â€Å"No† means the word or phrase does not describe the manager or executive. â€Å"?† means that the respondent is unsure or cannot decide. The scales are scored 3, 0, 1.5 for â€Å"Yes†, â€Å"No†, and â€Å"?† respectively. The TIM is considered a single scale and is composed of four dimensions: Ability, Benevolence, Consistency, and Integrity. Table 4 Cronbach’s alphas and correlations among the TIM summary scores and the TIM dimensions (Brodke et al., 2009) shows how the dimensions of the TIM scale are correlated. Table 4 Cronbach’s alphas and correlations among the TIM summary scores and the TIM dimensions (Brodke et al., 2009)* Table 5 Validity Coefficients with Selected Outcome Measures Pearson Correlations (Brodke et al., 2009) shows the Pearson correlations with JDI facets. Brodke et al. (2009) contend that the TIM dimensions are distinct although highly correlated. Table 5 Validity Coefficients with Selected Outcome Measures Pearson Correlations (Brodke et al., 2009)* Turnover Intention This study makes use of Sjà ¶berg and Sverke’s (2000) three item Turnover Intention scale which measures the strength of the respondent’s intention to leave their current job. The scale is scored from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). A high score indicates a higher degree of Turnover Intention. Nà ¤swall et al. (2006) showed the Cronbach alpha coefficients for this scale to lie between 0,76 and 0,87. Turnover Actual turnover information is derived from Human Resource records including ex-employee correspondence in the form of letters of resignation. Statistical Methods Data analysis was conducted using an installation of the statistical programming language â€Å"R† through the web based front-end â€Å"R-Studio† on a virtual Amazon Web Services Machine Image (R version 3.0.1, Nickname Good Sport, 2013-05-16). R is a GNU project which is free under the GNU General Public License. The researcher considered the following tests given the nature of the study: Descriptive Statistics are used to describe the location, shape, and dispersion of the sample data collected Inferential Statistics to calculate the strength and direction of the relationships between the research variables Regression tests were used to examine cause-effect relationships between the research variables Summary Data was primarily derived from the perceptions and experiences of employees. Statistical analysis was performed on the data in order to yield empirical evidence and to gain an understanding of the inter relationships between the antecedents and consequences of Organisational Commitment. Online surveys were conducted using various scales. Secondary data were collected from sources such as informal interviews and company HR records and policies. Data analyses are based on quantitative methods through a statistical analysis in order to answer the research questions posed.

Decline of Blanche DuBois in Tennessee Williams A Streetcar Named Desi

The Unnecessary Decline of Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   Upon reviewing the drama, A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams, it would appear that the character of Blanche DuBois is worthy of closer inspection.   With her previous occupation as a teacher of American literature and her former social status being that of a well-bred woman of the very traditional Old South, Blanche could be any human being transferring from one culture to another with customs far different from the ones being left behind.   Even today it could happen that someone is suddenly confronted with a totally new and different value system with which he must learn to cope in order to be accepted into his new environment.   That is the situation in which Blanche finds herself.   After close inspection of the plot of A Streetcar Named Desire, it appears that the course of the play could quite easily have been turned from decline and tragedy to rescue and triumph for Blanche DuBois with only a few minor adjustments. A streetcar named Desire brought Blanche to the last station of her decline.   â€Å"Blanche's spine or leitmotif is `find Protection'; the tradition of the Old South says that it must be through another person... her problem has to do with her tradition... the thing about the tradition in the 19th century was that it worked then â€Å"(Donahue 30).   But today Blanche can't feel safe within the bounds of the Old South traditions anymore. On the contrary â€Å"...it [tradition] makes Blanche feel alone, outside of her society.   Left out, insecure, shaky† (Donahue 32). In the exposition of the play, Blanche arrives in her new environment and does not feel the least bit comfortable when she sees how her sister lives.   Blanche p... ...n mind and body because a community is only as strong as its weakest link.   Williams knew this and had a great desire to help those less fortunate than he.   He tried to do this through his works, by calling attention to the problems that many people faced on a daily basis, thereby forcing his audiences to choose to either ignore the problems or to do something to bring about change.    Works Cited Bloom, Herald (ed.).   Tennessee Williams.   New York: Chelsea House, 1987. Donahue, Francis.   The Dramatic World of Tennessee Williams.   New York: Frederic Ungar Publishing Co., 1964. Hirsch, Foster.   A Portrait of the Artist-The Plays of Tennessee Williams.   London: Kennikat Press, 1979. Londre, F.H.   Tennessee Williams.   New York: Frederic Ungar Publishing Co., 1979. Williams, Tennessee.   A Streetcar Named Desire.   Stuttgart: Phillip Reclam, 1988.

Rudolf Diesel :: Essays Papers

Rudolf Diesel Rudolf Diesel is the man I chose for my hi-fi because I like cars and car engines. Rudolf diesel invented the diesel engine. I also chose Rudolf Diesel because when I went to look for a person for my hi-fi he was a man who I thought that no one else would chose. I thought that Rudolf diesel would also be a man who would be interesting. I like mechanical things and not people who discovered some place or some boring invention. I want to be a mechanical engineer so Rudolf Diesel fits right in with what I want to be. That is why I chose Rudolf Diesel for my hi-fi. Some of the things that I would like to learn about Rudolf Diesel is how he came up with the idea of making a diesel engine. I would also like to know where he was from and how old he was when he first thought up the design of the engine. I would like to know about his life like if he was married or not. I would also like to know what his life was like, if he was rich or if he was poor. If he had children, how many and if they were also inventors. I would also like to know how many improvements people have made on his original design and if they still use his basic design in modern times. I don’t know much about him at all but that he invented the diesel engine and his name. I also know that he was born in 1858 and died in 1913, he was German, a mechanical engineer, and that he patented the Diesel engine. That is what I think that I know and want to know about Rudolf Diesel. Some of the things that I would like to find out would be what kind of training he had, did he invent any other things, and what school did he go to in Europe. I would also like to know who he worked with on the engine or did he do it by himself. I would also like to know why he invented the diesel engine when they already had the gasoline engine. I would also like to know what the first diesel engine looked like and how big was it.

Who Do You Choose the Major of English to Study?

There are 1,500,000,000 people in the world speak English, and 1,000,000,000 people are learning it while 75% of the world’s letters and postcards are written in English. Despite China, the United States is still a leader in technical innovation and economic development. English is used in the United States and in each of these fields. English is the language of maritime communication and international air traffic control, and it is used even for internal air traffic control in countries where it is not a native language. Most commodities such as silver, gold, and hard currency are traded in English. Throughout the world, many professional papers are published in English. Even papers that are published in other languages often have abstracts in English. English is used in government and as a medium of communication among people who do not have another language in common. English is the language of technology, especially high technology like computer science, genetics, and medicine. If you’re going to read about technology, you’ll probably have to do it in English. We can watch international television networks, such as CNN International and NBC. They broadcast news much faster, and more professionally, than smaller, national networks, and you can watch them everywhere in the world. In terms of academic, English is the language most commonly spoken by academics worldwide. Of course, some important research and work occurs in all countries and in a variety of languages, but the vast majority tends to have been conducted, composed and published with the English language as its basis. Academics and scholars that have some knowledge of English frequently find that sharing their ideas and findings with their peers globally is more eadily facilitated by their mastery of the English language. We can communicate with foreigners easily if we can speak English. When we go abroad, it is very useful for us to compete with other people in studying, and all international conference and competitions are conducted in English, so we need to be well with English to join in order to win. It is also the major international language of communicat ion in such areas as science, technology, business and mass entrainment. English makes us more easily to travel around the world, because more than 100 countries spoken in English. We can ask for direction, have a conversation, ask for help, and who knows, maybe English will save our life someday. Tours are almost always available in English. Even in countries where few people speak English on the street, people who work with tourists generally speak English. In some countries even drivers of buses or streetcars and sellers at newsstands speak English well. English is important to get access to knowledge Today’s media such as the Internet, Television, and the press give you almost unlimited access to knowledge about your favorite subject, and it all are in English, so you need to be well with English. You can read also  Similarities and Conflicts in † a Streetcar Named Desire† That’s over billion pages of information are in English, so if you want to get any information in the internet you need to know English. On other hand, English is a language that can be used in many parts of the world since the schools nowadays are likely to have English as the first or second language or have educated people who would know the basics of English. When we study at University, we need to be well with English because all document are written in English. If we want to research new lessons or documents in internet, you need to know how to use computer, and in computer everything are in English. English document are billions, and it explains very clear, so it can improve our knowledge. We can make our computer skill more effectively when we know English, because most computer applications are in English, so we will understand them better and become better employee. Five thousand newspapers, over half of the newspapers that published in the world, are published in English. Even in many countries where English is not the main language, there is at least one newspaper in English. In India, there are three thousand magazines were published in English. English Major is study about cultures, literatures, and physiology. So we will get a lot of knowledge about cultures, literatures, and physiology of other country in Asia, Europe, the United States, etc†¦ Especially, when we’re skillful of English we can get a scholarship from school or the United Stated of America to study abroad. English is very important for job opportunity Today. All companies need their workers know at least on language, especially English. In some international companies, every person have to know English well. English is the primary language of business throughout the world. Most international business transactions, including email, memos, reports and contracts, are written in English. If we are interested in advancing in the business world, English is a key to success. Most countries in some way will do business with English speaking countries. As well, English has become the international language of business and is often used as a neutral language for business between various countries. It is now common for an engineer in Mexico to get echnical support in English from an expert in China. With English you can communicate with technicians and experts from the United States in order to help your company. You can also communicate with business people from other countries in the neutral language of English. Companies are also recognizing the value of English and now pay more for employees who can speak English. Knowing English will open the door to many new and exciting jobs in countries all over the world. As well, you will be able to obtain jobs in your own country because you can speak English. Your resume will be stronger because you are bilingual and have a knowledge of the English language. Your opportunities will be numerous when you can speak and read English. English speakers in the world earn more money than non-English speakers. Being a good writer is one of the top ten most important skills that job candidates are encouraged to have in order to be competitive in the job market. Companies are looking for good writers, and there’s no question that English majors heading out into the workforce have this skill in the bag. It’s nearly impossible to succeed as an English major without being a good writer. Moreover, students choosing this major probably really like writing. When you like something, you do it more often and the more you do something, the better you become. English majors tend to be overall successful communicators, which is why it makes sense that so many of us go on to work in media and communication. The major provides individuals with the critical thinking and public speaking skills required to excel in these positions. Even if you aren’t planning to work in communications, the argument has been made that oral communication competency is the most important skill for business students in the workplace. It may also go without saying that having keen communication skills is absolutely necessary in order to be a good manager in the workforce. Finally, Major of English have a lot of advantages for us, English give us a good job opportunity, high salary job, high position at work place, and provided us a good standard of living. In short, English is very important for me and everybody.

Legalization

There are several problems in our society, most of which concerns illegal transactions and prohibited actions. What consist the community’s primary legal problems are drugs, same-sex marriages, abortion and those issues which questions or consists of scientific progress such as issues about cloning, stem-cell research and in-vitro fertilization. However, there were several controversies regarding this matter, as to whether the community â€Å"illicit problems† are really illegal or not. In able for us to distinguish whether something is meant to be legalized or whether an action should be prohibited, a closer look about legalization is a bit crucial. Legalization is actually a process in which something is removed from being a crime. It will then be an act that is permissible and not to be considered as an offense anymore. Those crimes that are to be legalized are controversial crimes, since it doesn’t really have a victim or it does not endanger anyone aside from the person him/herself. The focus of this paper would be the legalization of a drug popularly known as marijuana or scientifically called as cannabis. According to http://www.legalizationofmarijuana.com/, an online site whose aim is to present arguments in favor and against the use of marijuana in able to inform the citizens, reports that nearly about 5.9 million Americans are arrested due to simply the use and possession of marijuana. Moreover they state that on the year 2000, about 88% of the total number of the arrested marijuana related violations are charge with possession while the remaining 12% includes violations for â€Å"sale/manufacture† of the plant itself. They insist that, the number of the people arrested from marijuana outnumbered those who are arrested from robbery, murder, rape and assault which are more violent crimes. Most of the supporters of the law to ban the use of marijuana are under the consideration that marijuana is a stepping stone drug, which it may further lead to addiction and may promote the use of harder kinds of drugs. Others are concerned about its immediate effects which results to short-term memory loss and accidents. Conservatives believe that legalization of marijuana would actually make it accessible to many people and might also be used by children, since regulation of the drug is hard. Those who are against the law believe on the proposition that were actually against or in opposition of the stand of the supporters. For one, there are medical studies that were made that actually prove that with moderation, smoking marijuana is far safer than drinking alcohol and smoking cigarette. The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that the annual Americans deaths caused by marijuana or hashish are zero compare to some 100,000 to 400, 000 caused by tobacco and alcohol users respectively; those who have died due to the use of other drugs counts 10,000 to 20, 000, approximately, obviously higher than the use of marijuana. (legalizationofmarijuana.com) They also argued that it would help the government especially the police force to focus themselves to more violent crimes that would require more attention. The legalization of marijuana would also be a threat to most of the drug dealers because if it would be readily be affordable and accessible for the public, then it would be sold in lower price, crippling their financial gains. Aside from all this, marijuana doesn’t impair the immune system; it does not kill brain cells unlike using tobacco, cigarettes and alcohol.   Actually there had never been any records that would relate marijuana and death. (Messerli, 2006) Drinking alcohol has resulted to so many accidents, had it been ban for being so? No. It is he same with smoking tobacco which have taken so many lives and who have also been caused of diseases and deaths of even those people who are not using or smoking it. How come that these two were not being banned in the same sense as marijuana are being so? I think this is more of a business related event rather than something political. If one would look more closely, it is obvious that marijuana is something that is far safer than alcohol and tobacco, but the government acts against marijuana under the assumption that it is an opiate drug and most of opiate drugs are dangerous, thus marijuana is also dangerous. Obviously this assumption is false, and actually if the government is really that concerned about the citizens they might as well as prohibit drinking alcohol and smoking tobacco. Doing so would probably make the use of this substance expensive, less people would want to use it or even try it. There would be fewer deaths related to these substances, fewer accidents and people would be able to spend their incomes and resources for more useful things. Generally, it would make more people happy, it would result to a more peaceful community, and problems would be faced in a more rational way. If these substances would not be prohibited, then what is the reason for prohibiting marijuana? Marijuana are said to have so many beneficial effects and has no proven bad effects. It cannot even cause death. Legalizing the use of it would be very beneficial for the implementation of more laws and would save the government time, effort and resources. Indeed marijuana can caused changes in the cognition of a man, including some short term memory lost; however, it would only last for just a few minutes or an hour or two, in heavy doses. As to any type of smoking, smoking marijuana would probably results to acute bronchitis and other pulmonary problems. However as what the findings of Janet E. Joy and her colleagues at the Institute of Medicine, these health problems would only persist upon long-term use of marijuana in heavy doses. Also, chewing marijuana could actually heal some of the complications that arouse from it. Thus, marijuana should really be legalized. It would be more beneficial for the government, it would pose less health risk and it can lead to greater innovations and research regarding the issues that concerns it. Also, it is legal in other countries, most notably in Jamaica, why should it not be legalized in our country? It is important that legislators would address the actual concerns of the citizens and look at the rationale behind their decisions, not some illogical assumptions. Works Cited: Joy, J. E.   Benson, J. A.   Watson, S. J.   (1999). Marijuana and Medicine: Assessing the Science Base. National Academy Press. Legalizationofmarijuana.com. (2007). US Policy on Marijuana. Retrieved on August 16, 2007. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://www.legalizationofmarijuana.com/index.html Messerli,   Joe (2006) Should Marijuana be Legalized under any Circumstances? Retrieved on August 16, 2007. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://www.balancedpolitics.org/marijuana_legalization.htm   

Airbus A380 and Company Airbus Company

i Ministry of Higher Education Colleges of Applied Sciences (Salalah) Department of International Business Administration International Business Environment (BUSN 3401) SPRING SEMESTER 7 (2012 – 2013) BOEING COMPANY Name: Mohammed Ahmed Salim al-moqimi ID number: 2008399331 TABLE OF CONTENTS: Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS:2 INTRODCTION:4 BACKGROUND OF BOEING COMPANY:5 Mission:6 Vision:6 Objective:6 COMPETITOR ANALYSIS:7 SWOT:9 Strengths:10 Weaknesses:11 Threats Implications:11 Opportunities:12 THE STRATEGY:13The problems that the company faced are:13 The causes of problems are:13 Action planning:13 Alternative strategy:14 PEST ENVIRONMENT:14 Politics, Legislation:15 Economy, Business Environment:15 Socio-Cultural and demographic forces:15 Technology:16 Competitive forces:16 Physical and natural forces:16 CONCLUSION:18 RECOMMENDATION:19 REFERENCES:20 INTRODCTION: Nowadays, business is vitally affected by the economic, social, legal, technological and political factors. These facto rs collectively form business environment.Business environment is the total of all external forces, which affect the organization and operations of business. The environment of an organization has got internal, operational and general lives managers must be aware of these three environmental levels and their relationship and importance. Therefore, I will talk about Boeing Company as an example. Boeing Company is American Company. It was founded in 1916. Boeing consider as the world's largest aerospace company and leading manufacturer of commercial jetliners and defense, space and security systems.The company design and make rotorcrafts, electronics, defense systems, missiles, satellites, launch vehicles and information and communication system. The biggest competitors of this company Airbus Company. Airbus is one of the world's leading aircraft manufacturers and it consistently captures approximately half or more of all orders. In the coming lines, I will talk about the following po ints which are the background of Boeing Company, mission, vision and its objective SOWT analysis, competitor analysis, action planning, strategies, and the effect of the PEST environment forces on that company.BACKGROUND OF BOEING COMPANY: Boeing consider as the world's largest aerospace company and leading manufacturer of commercial jetliners and defense, space and security systems. A top American exporter, the company supports airlines and American. and allied government customers in more than ninety countries. The Boeing products and tailored services include commercials and military aircrafts, satellites, weapons, electronics and defense systems, launch systems, advanced information and communication systems, and erformance-based logistics and training. Boeing Company has a long tradition of aerospace leadership and innovation. Company continues to expand its product line and services to meet emerging customer needs. Its broad range of capabilities includes creating new and more efficient members of its commercial airplane family; integrating military platforms, defense systems and the warfighter through network-enabled solutions, creating advanced technology solutions and arranging innovative customer-financing options.With corporate offices in Chicago, the company employs more than 159,000 people across the United States and in 70 countries. This represents one of the most diverse, talented and innovative workforces anywhere. More than 123,000 employees hold college degrees, including nearly 32,000 advanced degrees and in virtually every business and technical field from approximately 2,700 colleges and universities worldwide. Our enterprise leverages the talents of hundreds of thousands more skilled people working for Boeing suppliers worldwide.Boeing is classified into two business units: Boeing Commercial Airplanes and Boeing Defense, Space and Security. Supporting this units are Boeing Capital Corporation, a global provider of financing solutions; th e Shared Services Group, which provides a broad range of services to the company worldwide; and Boeing Engineering, Operations & Technology, which helps develop, acquire, apply and protect innovative technologies and processes. Mission: The mission of the company is to maximize the number of services and opportunities while establishing Boeing’s leadership in NMA activities.Functions that control Boeing are business development and strategy, communications, engineering, operations and technology, finance/shared services group/Boeing capital corporation, human resources administration, international, law and offices of internal governance and public policy. So Boeing Company has many values work to achieve it. First, Leadership is the world class leader in every aspect of our business and in developing our team leadership skills at every level, in our management performance; in the way it design and build support our products and in our financial results.Secondly, Integrity is always takes the high road by practicing the highest ethical standards and by honoring our commitments. It takes personal responsibility for our actions and treats everyone fairly and with trust and respect: Third, the Quality of striving for continuous improvement. So that it take rank among the world’s premier industrial firms in customer; employee and community satisfaction. Finally, Customer satisfactions are essential to our success. Vision: It seeks redressing from the other for unfair government subsidies in the development of new airplanes.Also, it is important for people to work as a global enterprise for aerospace leadership â€Å"People Working Together as One Global Company for Aerospace Leadership. Also, it works hard to develop the education for her employees. Objective: 1. Improve Performance: †¢ Sponsor outstanding dinner meetings and special events. †¢ Exploit multi-media member communications. †¢ Provide effective NMA metrics and reporting. †¢ Address direct support of Boeing’s business goals. 1. Spearhead Expansion †¢ Team with current chapters. †¢ Maintain and increase membership. 2. Implement Training Provide regular development seminar †¢ Apply NMA training tools and courses. 3. Support education and community †¢ Award high school scholarships. †¢ Speech Contest. †¢ Hold Explore Engineering Programs. †¢ Support volunteer activities. 4. Ensure Recognition †¢ Acknowledge Boeing leaders. †¢ Reward chapter contributors. COMPETITOR ANALYSIS: Airbus is an aircraft manufacturing subsidiary of EADS, a European aerospace company. Based in Blanca, France, near Toulouse and with significant activity across Europe, the company produces around half of the world's jet airliners.Airbus Industry began as a consortium of European aviation firms to compete with American companies such as Boeing. Airbus Industries were formally established on 18 December 1970. It had been forme d by a government initiative between France, Germany and the UK that originated in 1967. In the commercial airline business Boeing operates in a duopoly with Airbus. Airbus has been the largest producer of large commercial jetliners for many years, but Boeing has been gaining ground since recent problems at Airbus, especially the 2005-6 massive production delay for the A380.The delay gave Boeing a large advantage in the market for wide body aircrafts which include Boeing's successful 747, 777, and 787 models. Although the Boeing has pushed back the first flight and delivery of the 787, the Airbus 380 delays have been far more substantial. Still, even with Airbus' problems, the race is far from over and competition remains intense between the two companies. In February 2007, the U. S. Air Force awarded a controversial $35 billion air refueling tanker contract to rival Northrop Grumman (NOG) that was widely expected to go to Boeing.During March of 2007, Boeing had filed a formal appea l against the deal with the Government Accountability Office. In June of 2008, the GAO sustained Boeing's appeal against the Air Force and effectively reopened the contract for bidding. As of August, Boeing is currently requesting an extension past the October 1st deadline in order to alter its design to meet the government's new specifications. Airbus employs around 52,000 people at sixteen sites in four European Union countries: Germany, France, the United Kingdom and Spain. In this table I will show you some statistic about Boeing and Airbus Industrie: Company |1994 Sales in $m |1994 Earnings in $m |Market Share % | |Boeing |16,851 |1,022 |62 | |Airbus Industrie |8,000 |N/A |24 | |Company |Gross orders |Cancellations |Net orders | |Boeing |120 |46 |74 | |Airbus Industrie |125 |54 |71 |SWOT: SWOT Analysis of Boeing Company is defined as a framework used extensively for an assessment of the internal as well as external business environment as a part of the strategic or corporate pl anning process. The framework is including the firm's strengths & weaknesses as part of internal environment assessment and opportunities & threats as part of the external environment assessment that aids strategic decision making which may include macroeconomic matters, technological change, legislation, and socio-cultural Changes, as well as changes in the marketplace or competitive position. Strengths |Weaknesses | |Workforces and planning |Loss | |Innovation |Lack of technological innovations | |Management system |Threats of Substitute Products or Services | |Leadership |Competition of trains | |Knowledge |Affect of technology development | |Highly Skilled Managers | | |Provide global customer support | | |Outsourcing | | |High quality of products | |good services | | |Threats |Opportunities | |Competitor |Market developments | |Trade Barriers |Competitors' vulnerabilities | |Deregulation of Airlines |Industry or lifestyle trends | |Threats of Substitute Products or Services |Technology development and innovation Global influences | |threat of the Airbus |Information and research | |Lack of planning |New aircraft to gain market share | | |Increase demand for point to point routes | Strengths: 1- Workforces and planning: Boing has trimmed its workforce to the minimum and it has plans to further cut 7000 jobs and has completed family of planes from the small 737 to the world's largest carrier the 747 which allows it to serve any airline in any category. 2- Innovations: boing has innovated in many areas and has a very strong technological position it is well established. 3- Management system: It has improved its inventory management systems. 4- Leadership: It still has a leadership position in the industry. 5- Highly Skilled Manager The operation of the company will run smoothly.The performance of the company will improve and would lead the company to be successful. 6- Provide global customer support it would serve the customers better and it wo uld be very convenient to those customers in other countries to ask for help. This would help the company to gain a better image due to the provided services to help the customers. 7- Outsourcing: It can save time for the company to manufacture or assembly its products. 8- High quality of products: Emphasizing the product quality to ensure that the durability of the company is lasting for long period of time. 9- Provide Good services. . Weaknesses: 1. Loss: balance sheet and income statement point to some weaknesses.R spending of $1,661 million, around 8% of sales is rather low for this industry. Its long term debt is also increasing and its overall return on common equity is around 8. 9%, below the average industry rate which is 13. 1%. This, associated with its declining defense revenues, may restrict its access to additional capital in times of crisis. 2. Threats of Substitute Products or Services: for example people don’t use planes to travel they will use train and other way. 3. Competition of trains: Customers run away from aircraft to trains because of its services. Threats Implications: 1. Competitor: The competitor might overcome them and the threat is increasing the competitor’s market share. 2.Trade Barriers: They may encounter difficulties in the regulation regarding aircraft imposed by the country to which they export their products to. 3. Deregulation of Airlines: The regulation of the company for its customers would compromise in order to gain favor of the customers. 4. Threat of the Airbus because Airbus is the big competitor for Boeing Company. 5. Lack of planning. Opportunities: New aircraft to gain market share: with the impressive show of Airbus A380 recently, Boeing also plans to release its powerful weapon in the competition with Airbus. The new version Boeing 787 which inherits the most advanced technologies and advantages of the previous models is hoped to be a big hit to the airline industries.At the moment, Boeing has re ceived a number of orders for Boeing 787- Dream liner and this opportunity actually shows that Boeing still insists on its successful business strategy to build longer-range, more capable, smaller aircraft that could go point-to-point and therefore, serve city pairs directly rather than having to hook them up through a hub. The new 787 is the proof that Boeing does not lag behind the competition. THE STRATEGY: The problems that the company faced are: 1. Unwinnable competition, which is wasteful. 2. Design and engineering problem. 3. Poor cost control. The causes of problems are: 1. Poor engineering expertise. 2. Poor marketing research. 3. Using wrong strategies. Action planning: 1. Merge to companies 2. Get good engineer (work with university). 3. Get good marketers. 4. Do comprehensive. 5. Marketing research. 6. Restructure. 7. Use cooperative strategies. 8. Improve design and R. 9. Make the right aircraft. 10. Cost leadership.There are many problems that come from the using of wr ong strategies, poor engineering expertise and poor marketing research. The basic problems are unwinnable competition which is wasteful, design and engineering problem and poor cost control. Boeing Company uses poor engineering and poor design that actually will affect the nature of the working of company. Boeing Company is unwinnable competition because their competitors have high quality management and good services better than them so, customers prefer to deal with their competitors. It has also problem with marketing research. However, good marketing research can help company to know strength and weakness of their competitors and to know how to improve their works and to be able to face new technologies.Boeing Company has poor cost control that will lead to lose their money and the profit will be low. There are many actions that the company should follow to overcome any problems such as get good engineers who graduated from university and have high qualification and experience. Boeing Company has to restructure its strategies and use cooperative strategy. Also, if it merges with companies, get good marketers, do comprehensive, marketing research, improve design and R and make the right aircraft, it will achieve competitive advantage and maximize the profit. Alternative strategy: Cost leadership, it focuses in decreasing the cost and price.It is a good strategy for the company, if it follows this strategy, it will be more successful and it will reduce its economic costs. Also, this strategy will help company to develop and grow very fast. PEST ENVIRONMENT: Political, Economic and financial, Social, physical and natural, competitive, demographic, Technological forces (PEST) analysis is concerned with the environmental effects on a business. The term PEST stands for the Political, Economic and financial, Social, physical and natural, competitive, demographic, Technological issues that could affect the strategic development of a business. New I will explain th e forces that effect Boeing Company in Us: Politics, Legislation: Political forces refer to country's political system.The ability to support or disrupt business operations of domestic & international firms that mean Influence of politics & political interests. Also, Governmental topics, taxation issues, environmental controls and dependencies, subsidies and quotas regulations, employment and labor laws, consumer legislations and regulations, competition issues, health & safety concerns and issues. Economy, Business Environment: The economic environment refers to differences between countries economic systems in the country which the organization operates. Therefore, when we talk about condition of economic system I mean the economic growth, inflation and unemployment.As we know, the economic crisis affects all the businesses around the world. Boeing Company effected by this crisis so what happened in the economy will have a big effect on the company. Despite Boeing's 2008 revenue h as declined to 8. 25% and that because of the economic crisis. In particular, revenue in the Commercial Airline division fell by 15. 34%, as a strike by the International Association of Machinists in 2008 resulted in 104 fewer airplane deliveries than planned. Furthermore, net income fell 34% and contractual backlog expanded to a record level of $279 billion. Net income declined by 22. 1% over the first half of fiscal year 2009. Socio-Cultural and demographic forces:The social dimension or environment of a nation determines the value system of the society which affects the functioning of the business and Refer to way shared beliefs, values & attitudes affect employee & consumer behavior & management of foreign subsidiaries. And demographic forces refer to the characteristics of population, e. g. size, growth, spending power. Socio-Cultural has changed when the country get developed. The changing maybe in education, public opinion social mobility, and attitudes so the socio-culture c an affects the business: ? Population growth rate and age profile. ? Population health, education and social mobility, and attitudes toward those. ? Population employment patterns, job market freedom and attitudes to work. Press attitudes, public opinion, social attitudes and social taboos. ? Lifestyle choices and attitudes to those. Technology: Refers to technology-induced changes that have altered the way firms undertake & coordinate their international activities. Transportation and communication technologies – firms able to outsource R and back office processing. Technology is used in many of life fields. First, we use technology in the process of manufacturing and that through buying effective and modern machines and equipment. Second, we also use it in design techniques and in management of our company through using computers and other tools of technology.Third, technology provides us with some ways in marketing and advertising via TV, Internet and others tools. Technol ogy influences the company in terms of investment in technology, consistent application of technology and the effects of technology on markets. Emergent technologies have a big Impact on company. It can speed up the work in the company so it can apply all the orders. Also, the internet has its own impacts which are reducing communications costs and increasing remote working. (Reference: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Boeing) Competitive forces: A competitive force refers to the pressures imposed by other firms in competing industries.Boeing company faced strong competitive from Airbus Company because these two company work in same field. These two companies compete in price, service and product. Physical and natural forces: Physical and natural forces refer to environmental pressures and risks that influence international business strategy. These forces divided to two types. First, natural risks arise from environmental disasters (e. g. earthquakes). Second, Manufactured risks are e nvironmental risks created by human intervention – pollution, threat to eco-systems, climate change, genetic modification, and terrorism. This factor can effect in Boeing company very clear. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, I am going to summarize the points that I have talked about in my report.First, background of Boeing Company which is a major aerospace and Defense Corporation, founded by William E. Boeing in Washington its international headquarters has been in Chicago since 2001 and its mission, vision and objectives. Second, I have analyzed their competitor which is Airbus and it is the biggest its competitor. Airbus is one of the world's leading aircraft manufacturers and it consistently captures approximately half or more of all orders for airliners with more than 100 seats. Third, I analyzed its internal and external environment factors which are referred to SWOT. Fourth, I have talked about the strategy which includes problems, causes and action plan of the company.Boein g Company has to restructure its strategies and use cooperative strategy instead. I recommend Boeing Company to merge with companies, get good marketers, do comprehensive, marketing research, improve design and R&D and make the right Aircraft; it will achieve competitive advantage and maximize the profit. Finally, I have talked about the term PEST which stands for the Political, Economic, Social, and Technological issues that could affect the strategic development of a business. RECOMMENDATION: In fact, Boeing Company is a popular company in the world, but there are several forces and challenge which face it and make it in a bad situation. So I explained them in my assignment.Therefore, I recommend this company to develop their abilities such as employee’s skills, investment, competitive advantage, consumer relationship management and advertising. In my opinions, I think Boeing Company can develop their employee’s skills through training. Also, I should invest in rich countries which pay more money to increase the profitability to company. A good idea to the company creating new and develop aircraft to unique it from other companies. Finally, I think if Boeing Company does good advertising that enough for it to monopoly aircraft manufactured over the world. REFERENCES: http://www. boeing. com/companyoffices/aboutus/brief. html http://manonamission. blogspot. com/2005/08/boeings-ba-mission-statement. html : http://www. boeing. com/news/speeches/1998/980121. htm http://www. boeing. om/companyoffices/aboutus/community/focus_objectives. html – http://www. soe. ucsc. edu/classes/ism158/Winter03/boeing. htm – http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Airbus http://www. writework. com/essay/boeing-s-strength-weakness-threats-oppotunities-and-its-im : http://www. soe. ucsc. edu/classes/ism158/Winter03/boeing. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Airbus http://www. companiesandmarkets. com/Summary-Company-Profile/boeing-company,-the-swot-analysis-145568. asp http://www. wikinvest. com/stock/Boeing_Company_(BA)) http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Boeing Books: (Principles of Marketing) Thirteenth Edition, Philip Kotler and Gary Armstrong. Books: (Management 9e ) John R. Schermerhorn, JR.

Ipad

Everywhere you look, there's an iPad. Apple's on a roll and is moving really quickly to not only expand its dominance but also to blanket every retail and reseller channel to get its devices into people's hands. Apple's pushing the iPad into every channel that it can because there's a major shift starting now in computing, from the laptop form factor to tablets, which leverage smartphone operating systems,. Apple started out using exclusive distribution when starting to sell the iPad in April of 2010 only through its own website and U. S. -based Apple stores.The company currently has a total of about 200 stores worldwide. Apple eventually began to take part in selective distribution by expanded to selling through Best Buy. More recently, the iPad has been made available through Amazon and Target (1,740 U. S. stores), and now debuts in some Wal-Mart and Verizon stores . The iPad is available through more than 2,300 stores by now. Apple Ipad is already a very successful product for the computer giant, and it can only get bigger as the company allows its largest distributors to provide all six models of the must-have tablet to authorized resellers across the U.S. This move continues Apple’s careful expansion of iPad availability, and allows users to gain access to the device at various locations worldwide. Tech Data Corporation, a major distributor of Apple’s products, revealed today that the company has now been given permission by Apple to sell the iPad to its customers for the first time – those customers being IT solution providers in over 100 countries. This is a significant move by Apple, as they’ve been very protective of the iPad’s image and third-party availability since the device’s launch back in April.Many online resellers can still only offer the iPad over the phone, as Apple’s strict rules prevent them from selling online due to the approval of promotional graphics. The move is sure to increase sales. Apple has expanded its go-to-market strategy for its iPad tablet device, pushing it through retailers such as Wal-Mart, expanding carrier sales through a deal with Verizon, and also taking the device through IT distribution via a deal with Tech Data